1. REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL SIMÓN RODRÍGUEZ
NÚCLEO: PALO VERDE
CURSE: PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
STUDENTS’NAMES:STUDENTS’NAMES:
BARCENAS TERESITABARCENAS TERESITA
PACHECO MAIGUALIDAPACHECO MAIGUALIDA

2. INTRODUCTION
Since a bicycle has two wheels and
binoculars are for two eyes, it would
that bilingualism of two languages.
The aim of this example is to show that
the ownership of two languages is not
so simple as having two wheels or two
eyes.

3. BILINGUALISM
It is the habitual use
of two languages in​​
the same region or by
the same person.
It is the habitual use
of two languages in​​
the same region or by
the same person.
Bilingual speaker is he
who has a native
control of two or more
languages.
Bilingual speaker is he
who has a native
control of two or more
languages.

4. BILINGUALISM
According to Yohansem:
A bilingual person can be
defined as someone who is
able to speak two
languages perfectly.​​
According to Yohansem:
A bilingual person can be
defined as someone who is
able to speak two
languages perfectly.​​
"Bilingual is a person who
is able to encode and
decode at any level,
linguistic signals from
two different languages“​​
Blanco, A. 1981, p. 51.
"Bilingual is a person who
is able to encode and
decode at any level,
linguistic signals from
two different languages“​​
Blanco, A. 1981, p. 51.

5. BILINGUALISM &
MULTILINGUALISM
Can be examinated as
possession of the individual.
Can be examinated as
possession of the individual.
Are normally
found in groups.
Are normally
found in groups.
Located in a particular
region: (E.g. Catalans
in Spain).
Located in a particular
region: (E.g. Catalans
in Spain).
Or may be scattered
across communities
(e.g. Chinese in the
US).
Or may be scattered
across communities
(e.g. Chinese in the
US).

6. BILINGUAL ABILITY
The Four Language Abilities
ListeningListening
SpeakingSpeaking
ReadingReading
WritingWriting

7. BILINGUAL ABILITY
Dimensions
Receptive
Skills
Receptive
Skills
Productive SkillsProductive Skills
OracyOracy LiteracyLiteracy
ListeningListening ReadingReading
SpeakingSpeaking WritingWriting

8. BILINGUAL ABILITY
subdimensions
OracyOracy LiteracyLiteracy
Listening - SpeakingListening - Speaking Reading – WritingReading – Writing
PronunciationPronunciation VocabularyVocabulary GrammarGrammar
MeaningMeaning
StyleStyle

9. BILINGUAL ABILITY
A Fifth Language Competence
LanguageLanguage
Used forUsed for
ThinkingThinking

10. Someone who is approximately equally
fluent in two languages across varios
contexts may be termed an equilingual or
ambilingual or, more commonly, a
Balanced Bilingual.

11. SEMILINGUALISM
Semilingualism is a phenomenon, which relates to
underdevelopment of language in individual.
It has been first described in 1920's by Bloomfield,
And later defined in 1960's by Hansegard.

12. Hansegard described semilingualism in terms of deficits in six
language competences:
Size of vocabulary
In grammatical correctness
Unconscious processing of language (automatism)
Language creation
Mastery of the functions of language
Meanings and imagery.

13. CONVERSATIONAL FLUENCY
It’s when you are capable of having a conversation
about normal everyday things with a native speaker at
a normal conversational rate of speed-things in the
news, sports, buying clothes, making jokes, etc.,

14. ACADEMIC LANGUAGE COMPETENCE
It is a factor strongly associated with school achievement.
This type of language and literacy competence is
acquired primarily through exposure to written language,
or to oral forms of discourse .
Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS)
It used in everyday communicative encounters and is
described as being more context embedded.

15. Cognitive/academic Language Proficiency (CALP)
It involves the use of a more context-reduced language
associated the more formal aspect of classroom and
lecture-type language use which are typical of the
learning context.

16. Cognitive Processes Language Proficiency
CONVERSATIONAL PROFICIENCY
SURFACE
COGNITIVE / ACADEMIC PROFICIENCY
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Pronunciation
Vocabulary
Grammar
Semantic Meaning
Functional meaning

17. INDIVIDUAL’S USE OF BILINGUALISM0
It involves the ability of an individual to acquare and use a
second language.
An individual’s use the bilingual ability is called Functional
Bilingualism, which requires the study of five actions:
Who is the subject?/ who is the speaker?
Who is the language target?/ who is the listener?
What is the situation? (in the factory, classroom, etc.,)
What is the topic a conversation? (sport, work, food)
For what purpose?...To what effect?

18. INDIVIDUAL’S USE OF BILINGUALISM
EXAMPLES OF LANGUAGE TARGETS EXAMPLES OF LANGUAGE CONTEXTS
(DOMAINS)
1.- Nuclear Family 1.- Shopping
2.- Extended Family 2.- Visual and Auditory Media (e.g TV,
Radio, Recodrs, Cassettes, Cds, Video)
3.- Work Colleagues 3.- Printed Media (Newspapers, Books).
4.- Friends 4.- Cinema/Discos/Theatre/ Concerts
5.- Neighbors 5.- Work
6.-Religious Leaders 6.- Correpondence/ Telephone/ Official
Communication.
7.- Teachers 7.- Clubs, Societies, Organizations,
Sporting activity.
8.- Presidents, Principals, Other Leaders 8.- Leisure & hobbies
9.- Bureaucrats 9.- Religious Meetings
10.- Local Community 10.- Information technology (e.g
Computers)

19. SOME POTENCIAL ADVANTAGES OF
BILINGUALISM
1.- Advantages during communication:
a wider communication field
literacy in two languages
2. Cultural advantages:
deeper multiculturalism
bilingual experiences
greater tolerance towards minorities
Less inclination towards racism
3.- Development of cognitive abilities:
the development of thought
creativity
sensitivity in communication

20. SOME POTENCIAL ADVANTAGES OF
BILINGUALISM
4.- Personality development:
reinforcement of self-esteem
self-confidence
secure identity
5.- Advantages in the sphere of education:
increased possibilities of receiving a higher education
easier to learn a third language
6.- Economic advantages:
a wider ranger of possibilities on the jobs market