sample ppt

2. Nuclear energy is the energy
stored in the nucleus of an
atom and released through
fission, fusion and
radioactivity

3. There are two types of
nuclear energy
1. Nuclear Fission
2. Nuclear Fusion

4. NUCLEAR
FISSION
When a particle of sufficient
energy is shot on to a
heavier nucleus the nucleus
splits and releases energy.
This reaction is called
NUCLEAR FISSION

5. When Uranium 235 nucleus is bombarded
with a neutron
0n1
+ 92U235


6. Fission of U235

7. When an Uranium nucleus
undergoes fission, neutrons are
released. These neutrons in turn
split the surrounding uranium
nuclei releasing neutrons in each
reaction. This is called CHAIN
REACTION

8. CHAIN REACTION

9. Controlled fission reaction

10. Example for
nuclear fission
ATOM BOMB

11. On Aug 6 1945 a Uranium
bomb was dropped on the
city of Hiroshima killing
1.5 lakhs of people. Here
is the picture of that
bomb.
Length: Approx. 3 meters
(120 inches)
Weight: Approx. 4 tons
(9,000 lbs)
Diameter: Approx. 0.7
meters (28 inches)
Element: Uranium 235

12. Another bomb was dropped
at Nagasaki on Aug 9 killing
thousands of people. Here
is the picture of that bomb.
Length: Approx. 3.2 meters
(128 inches)
Weight: Approx. 4.5 tons
(10,000 pounds)
Diameter: Approx. 1.5
meters (60 inches)
Element: Plutonium 239

13. A device that is used to
produce nuclear energy by
controlled fission reaction is
called nuclear reactors

14. There two types of nuclear
reactors
• Pressurized Water Reactor
• Boiling Water Reactor

15. Pressurized Water Reactor

16. Boiling Water Reactor

17. In India Pressurized Water Reactors
are used.
Mentioned below are some reactors
present in India

18. First nuclear reactor in Asia
– Apsara

19. Tarapur India’s First nuclear
Power Station

20. Rawatbhata India’s first
commercial nuclear reactor

21. Kalpakkam Mini Reactor

22. Narora Atomic Power Station

23. Advanced Heavy Water Reactor

24. Parts Common to all reactors
• REACTOR CORE – Part of the reactor where
fuel is kept
• FUELS – Commonly used fuels are Uranium
(233,235), Plutonium(239)
• SOURCE OF NEUTRONS – Mixture of
polonium and beryllium powder

25. • MODERATORS – Materials used to
slow down neutrons
e.g. – Heavy Water (D2O), Graphite
• CONTROL RODS – Used to control
the no: of neutrons in the reactors
e.g. – Boron, Cadmium

26. • SHIELD TO PROTECT
RADIATION – protect living
organism from harmful rays like
gamma, some shields made of
thick lead and concrete are
used around the core and the
reactor

27. • COOLANTS – To reduce the heat
generated as part of reaction,
some fluids like high pressure
water liquids, metals and gases
take heat out of the core

28. NUCLEAR FUSION
The process of merging two
or more light nuclei to form
a heavier nucleus is called
NUCLEAR FUSION

29. Deuterium is a hydrogen
isotope with mass number
2.At very high temperature
Deuterium nuclei with high
kinetic energy fuse to form
Helium nucleus

30. Example for nuclear fusion
Energy liberated from sun,
stars etc
Figures are given below

31. Galaxy

32. Energy Liberated from Sun