1. Group 2
Burgos, Stacey
Cabotaje, Jose Maria
Casais, Bea Pauline
De Mesa, Juan Carlo
Estanislao, Wencee
Fenis, Cristelle

2.  The major themes of Indian art
seem to begin emerging as early as
the Harappan period, about 2500
BC.
 With the arrival of the Indo-
Europeans (or Aryans) around 1500
BC, came new artistic ideas.

3.  Around 500 BC, the conversion to
Buddhism of a large part of the
population of India - brought new
artistic themes.
 Conquests of Alexander the Great, in
the 320s BC - also had an important
impact on Indian art.
 He left colonies of Greek veteran
soldiers in Afghanistan and Pakistan,
some of which were sculptors.

4.  Their Greek-style carvings attracted
attention in India.
 First life-size stone statues in India
date to the 200s BC, just after
Alexander.
 Guptan period, about 500 AD - great
cave temples of Ajanta and Ellora
were carved.
 Scenes from the life of the Buddha
became popular, and statues of the
Buddha.

5.  Carved from the 2nd-6th century and are 30
in number.
 Dedicated to Buddhism and the carvings in
them portary the life of Lord Buddha along
with other carvings like that of animals.

6.  The Ajanta Caves were carved out of
volcanic rock in the Maharashtra Plateau.
 It was not far off from the ancient trade
routes attracting traders & pilgrims through
whom the Ajanta art style diffused as far as
China & Japan.
 Buddhist Monks employed artists to turn the
stone walls into picture books of Buddha's
life & teachings.
 They portrayed the costumes, ornaments &
styles of the court life of their times.

7.  Arrival of Islamic faith and Islamic
conquerors about 1000 AD.
 Brought iconoclasm to India, and a
love of varied and complex
patterning derived from Arabic and
Persian models.
 This affected even Hindu artists who
had not converted to Islam.
 Small Persian-style miniature
paintings also became popular.

8. A land of diverse cultures.
 Variations in physical, climatic conditions
and the extent of exposure to other
cultures have greatly influenced the
traditions and culture of the different
regions.
 The greatness of India - accepting the best
from all the invaders and intermingling the
new customs and styles with the existing -
visible in all aspects - music, dance,
painting, sculptures, architecture.

9.  Indian religions is a classification for
religions that originated in the Indian
subcontinent; namely Hinduism, Jainism,
Buddhism and Sikhism.
 These religions are also classified as
Eastern religions.

10.  Hinduism is the predominant and
indigenous religion of the Indian
subcontinent. It includes a wide
spectrum of laws and prescriptions of
"daily morality" based on the notion of
karma, dharma, and societal norms.
 Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes
a path of non-violence towards all living
beings. Its philosophy and practice
emphasize the necessity of self-effort to
move the soul towards divine
consciousness and liberation.

11.  Buddhism is a religion and philosophy
encompassing a variety of traditions,
beliefs and practices, largely based on
teachings attributed to Siddhartha
Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha
("the awakened one").
 Sikhism embody the qualities of a "Sant-
Sipahie"—a saint-soldier. One must have
control over one's internal vices and be
able to be constantly immersed in virtues
clarified in the Guru Granth Sahib. A Sikh
must also have the courage to defend the
rights of all who are wrongfully oppressed
or persecuted irrespective of religion,
colour, caste or creed.

13.  India is a conglomeration of men and
women of various castes and creed.
It is a fusion of old traditional values
and the modern principles, thus
satisfying all the three generations in
the present India. The Elite
businessman and the common vendor
on the road share the same news and
worship the same deity .

14.  With a 5000-year-old culture, rich in
its tapestry of ancient heritage,
medieval times, Mughal rule, British
rule, Progressive art and now
contemporary art.
 The earliest recorded art of India
originated from a religious Hindu
background, which was later replaced
by a soaring popular Buddhist art.

15.  India has been inspired by
spiritualism and mystical relationship
between man and god.
 In India, all art, like all life, is given
over to religion. Indian art is life, as
interpreted by religion and
philosophy.
 Described as theological, hieratic, or,
perhaps best of all as traditional.

16.  Art in India had survived in its
homeland and spread from time to
time all over the world.
 Many kings who recognized budding
talent patronized art and themselves
were great connoisseurs.
 Each king has left a deep impression of
his affinity to the artist community.
Until today, art is patronized by the
rich and famous in the country.

17. The cultural policy of the Government
of India has three major objectives:
 Preserving the cultural heritage of
India,
 Inculcating Indian art consciousness
amongst Indians,
 And promoting high standards in
creative and performing arts.

18.  Western scholars have often had
difficulty understanding the complex
cultural and philosophical systems
that gave birth to Indian art
tradition.
 The story of Indian art is also the
story of the oldest and the most
resilient culture on earth.
 It is seen as an amalgamation of
indigenous and outside influences,
yet having a unique character and
distinctiveness of its own.

19.  Spirals and curvaceous lines, vines and
tendrils.
 Round-figured goddesses, circular amulets,
colored gemstones, arches and domes, haloed
deities, crescent moons, and the globe of the
sun.
 Sculptures & paintings depict the diversity,
colour and spontaneity of the country and are
representations of the all-encompassing
nature of Indian culture.

20.  Kolam designs have been tradionally handed
down to the younger generation by the elders.
 Several organisations and magazines conduct
kolam exhibitions & contests to revive the
interest in traditional habits & customs.
 There are enthusiasts who create fresh new
designs, but kolams are basically redrawn by
the public following the designs taught by elders
or printed in books & magazines.

21.  Flourished in India from very early
periods, evident from literary sources
and also from the discovered
remnants.
 Contemporary artists have kept up to
the times & excel in their modern
works, giving free expression to their
imagination & artistic liberty.

22.  Can be broadly classified as the murals &
miniatures. Murals- huge works executed
the walls of solid structures.
 Miniature paintings are those executed
on a very small scale on perishable
material such as paper, cloth, etc.,
Though perfected by artisans under the
various rules, not many remain today.

23. *Shiva (meaning "auspicious
one")
 is a major Hindu deity,
 Shiva is a yogi who has
notice of everything that
happens in the world and is
the main aspect of life.
 In the Shaiva tradition of
Hinduism, Shiva is seen as
the Supreme God and has
five Important works:
creator, preserver,
Shiva mural in the destroyer, concealer, and
Kailasanatha Temple, dating
from the 8th century AD
revealer (to bless).

24.  Rajasthan is one of the pioneer seats of
miniature paintings in India.
 There reflects in these paintings a continuity of
the great traditions of Ajanta murals and Jain art
of Gujrat.
 This initial art style is a blend of indigenous art
forms and the elements of the art traditions of
Ajanta and Gujarat.
A folio from the Dhola Maru
love-legend of Rajasthan,
Mewar, dated 1592 A.D.

25. Famous Hindu Akshardham temple in South Delhi

26.  Main elements are the introduction
of arches and beams, the arcuate
style of construction.
 Traditional Indian building style is
trabeate, using pillars and beams
and lintels.

27.  Early buildings of the Slave dynasty did not
employ true Islamic building styles and
consisted of false domes and false arches.
 The introduction of true arches and true
domes start to appear, the earliest
example is the Alai Darwaza by the side of
Qutb Minar.

28.  The different religious beliefs are
also reflected in the mode of
construction and architectural styles.
 Islamic style incorporated many
elements from traditional Indian
style and a compound style
emanated.
 Decorative brackets, balconies,
pendentive decorations, etc in the
architecture is an example in this
regard.

29.  With the advent of Islam, architecture
slightly adapted to allow the traditions of
the new religion, but it remained strongly
Indian at its heart and character.
 Arches and domes began to be used and the
mosque or masjid began to form part of the
landscape.
 The sahn or the open courtyard for
congregational worship with the enclosing
cloisters or liwans and the sanctuary at the
Western end offered a different
architectural vocabulary.

30. The name Taj Mahal, with Taj meaning
Crown and Mahal meaning Palace, literally
means ‘Crown Palace’.

31. Jami Masjid Mosque

32.  The other distinguishing features of
Indo-Islamic architecture are the
utilisation of kiosks (chhatris), tall
towers (minars) and half-domed double
portals.
 Human worship and its representation
are not allowed in Islam, buildings and
other edifices are generally decorated
richly in geometrical and arabesque
designs.

33.  These were carved on stone in low relief,
cut on plaster, painted or inlaid. The use
of lime as mortar was also a major
element distinct from the traditional
building style.

35.  The earliest production was characterized by
well planned cities and houses where religion
did not seem to play an active role.
 Presence of drainage systems and public
baths showed advanced standards of
sanitation and ingenious planning.
 The Vedic village had certain distinct
characteristics that influenced subsequent
architectural production.
 The Vedic grama could have a pur, or a fort-
like structure within it. The Vedic hymns
speak of "purs" made of stone and metal.

36.  The Vedas have many words for houses.
It appears that the main distinction was
between:
 Chardis (house with a thatched roof),
 Harmyam (a house of brick and stone
that had a courtyard in the middle),
 and Gotra (a multi-dwelling complex
with sheds for animals).
 The Rig-Veda speaks once of a palace
with 1000 doors, and twice of a palace
with 1000 columns.

37.  Gained prominence during the reign of
the emperor Ashoka.
 Primarily represented by three
important building types- the Chaitya
Hall (place of worship), the Vihara
(monastery) and the Stupa
(hemispherical mound for worship/
memory)
 Exemplified by the magnificent caves of
Ajanta and Ellora and the monumental
Sanchi Stupa.

38. Chaitya Hall (place of worship)
Upper Left
Vihara (Monastery)
Lower Left
Stupa (Hemispherical mound
for worship)
Upper Right

39. Greek influence led the Indian
architecture of the time, especially
the rock-cut art, to fall under one of
the two categories:
 the Mathura school of art which was
strictly Indian in spirit and did not
adopt from the Greek styles,
 and the Gandharva school of art
which incorporated influences of the
Greek art.

40.  The division of Buddhism into
Hinayana and Mahayana phases also
influenced the nature of rock-cut art,
the former being represented by
artifacts used by the Buddha, and the
latter by images of the Buddha.
 Early temples were rock-cut, later
structural temples evolved. The
Kailasanatha temple at Ellora is a
good example of the former,
excavated from top to bottom out of
a massive rock face.

41. Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal