Nanotechnology involves adding small amounts (<10%) of nano-scale clay particles to plastics to dramatically improve their performance properties without increasing density or reducing light transmission. Nanoclay was first developed in the 1980s at Toyota and can strengthen, lighten, and make plastics less expensive and more versatile. Nanofillers have long been used in plastics to improve mechanical and physical properties by filling space, disrupting polymer structure, and immobilizing or orienting polymer groups. Polymer nanocomposites enhance mechanical and barrier properties with only minimal increases in density.

5. Nanotechnology could bring another revolution to the world
of material science ,much like biotechnology or
genetechnology has already done .This sophisticated
technology involves adding relatively small amount (<10
%)of specially treated nano-scale clay particles to a variety
of plastics. It has the potential to dramatically improve
polymer performances including heat resistance , barrier
properties , strength, stiffness or dimensional stability ,as
well as flame retardancy . All of these performance benefits
are available without increasing the density or reducing the
light transmission properties of the base polymer.
Nanotechnology

6. • Origin in late 1980”s , at Toyota Central Research
Labs ,Japan.
• Toyota achieved the first develpoment with
nanoclay that it has been used as a
Nanofillers,before more than 10 years.

7. • Effectiveness of reinforcing fillers
• Effectiveness with dispersion in
polymer matrix.
• Stronger ,lighter,less expensive,more
versatile and reliable.

8. Nanofillers have for many years had a high
significance in the plastics industry.
Nanofillers are basically understood to be additives in
solid form, improvements in certain mechanical or physical
properties.
The activity of active fillers
filling of a certain volume and disruption of the
conformational position of a polymer matrix, and also the
immobilization of adjacent molecule groups and possible
orientation of the polymer material.

9. Polymer Nanofiller composites are the of emerging
material
Its enhancing the mechanical & barrier Properties and
minimal increase in the density.
It occupy best market in automotive &Film market

10. It is Platy and thickness of one atom is relatively equal to or less than
1nm.Its aspect ratio is 1000:1 because it is Hydrophilic.
It is not compatible with most use Ammonia cation.
Now,Montmorrilonite become treated polymer and it is already
chemically modified.
It consist of cation on surface but cation exchange properties is weak
so as to ehance the exchange prop.We & it is incorporated in polymer
during polymerization.To minimize the attractive forces between two
agglomerated palletets and distance between two pallets in 3.5
angstrom.And typically a distance of 20 angstrom can be achieved.
This process of separating the nano clay platelets is referred to as
the intercalation process. (See Figure 1) Without this separation, the
nano clay is not capable of allowing the monomer or polymer to
penetrate between the platelet layers. The distance between the
platelets can be further separated at this point by absorbing monomer
into the gallery.When the monomer is polymerized the forces of
polymerization forces the pallets further apart. Figure2

12. Domains Of Nanoparticles & Clusters With Different
Structures:
a) Molecules= (~1 to 10 atoms)
b) Clusters= (~10 to 103 atoms)
c) Particles= (~103 to 105 atoms)
d) Bulk= (~105 atoms and larger)

13. COVERING (0-D)
NANOFILLERS
NANOLAYER/NANODIS
CS (2-D)
NANORODS/NANOFIBRE
S(1-D)
INTERPENETRATING
NETWORKS (3-D)

15. • CARBON BLACK
• CLAYS
• CALCIUM CARBONATE
• OXIDES
• TALC
• NANOTUBES
• CERAMIC NANO FIBERS
Nanomaterials

16. What are Nano-clay
Nano clays are minerals which have a high
aspect ratio and with at least one dimension of the
particle in the nanometer range. The purity and cation
exchange capacity of the nano clay are also critical
characteristics. The purity is important in achieving
maximum increases in mechanical properties and
achieving optimum clarity for use in films. Impurities act
as stress concentrators, resulting in poor impact and
tensile properties. Impurities in film applications
contribute to increased haze. The cation exchange
capacity provides the surface activity necessary for
acceptance of modifiers or surface treatments.

17. Improved polymer stiffness.
Improve Heat deflection temperature.
Improved dimension stability.
Improved barrier property.
Improved electrical conductivity.
Improved flame retardancy.

19. FILMS MARKET
AUTOMOTIVE
Motor vehicles
Engine & fuel systems
Exterior & interior part
Foto: Link•Wrapping films for food industry.
•In food packaging.

20. Before using nanofillers and
nanoadditives, the user shall determine
the suitability of the product for its
intended use, and user assumes all risk
and liability whatsoever in connection
therewith.

22. We feel that we have a compounding process that
can exfoliate and disperse nano clays into Nylons.
Crosslinking of nano clay filled Nylon 6 will
increase the mechanical properties another 5 to
10 percent. The crosslinker we used appears to
help in the exfoliation of the clay and make it
more compatible with Nylon 12. We need to
investigate the mechanism causing the
crosslinker to act as a compatiblizer in Nylon12

23. Websites
Google.com
Dupont.com
Nanotech.com
Book’s
PVC technology by W.V Titow
Polymer additives
Plastic material by J.Y Bridson
Encyclopedia reference book