Talk given at the Java Mobile and Wireless Developer Days conference, Jan 2008

1. JSR82
Past, Present and Future for Java/Bluetooth APIs
Sean O Sullivan, CTO, Rococo Soft ware
sos@rococosoft.com

2. Over view
Introduction
Bluetooth background
JSR82 - Java Bluetooth APIs
Bluetooth Evolution
Next steps for JSR82

3. Rococo
Soft ware company based in Dublin, Ireland
Specialists in Java/Bluetooth since 2000
Sell tools and handset/embedded soft ware
100M+ units shipped

4. Bluetooth
Short Range Wireless
1m - 100m
“cable replacement”
Ad-hoc
Piconets

5. Bluetooth Design Goals
Short range
Low Power
Ad Hoc
Secure
Robust
Easy to Use

6. Bluetooth by numbers
1998 64%
7 - 10,000 6-8%
2.0 + EDR 45%
1.8Bn $5 now <$2, even $1
1 - 100mW 1 - 3 Mb/s

7. Where does it go (07)?
70M
500M
80M

8. Bluetooth Architecture
UDP TCP
Audio
IP
Bluetooth Stack
PPP
OBEX
Service Discovery
RFCOMM
Protocol
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
Host Controller Interface
Host Controller Interface Firmware
Bluetooth Host
Link manager Protocol Controller
Baseband and
Baseband Link Controller Firmware
Bluetooth Radio

9. Bluetooth Profiles
Generic Access Profile
SDAP TCS Bin based profiles
Intercom Profile Cordless Phone
Serial Port Profile
Generic Object Exchange
Dial Up Networking Profile
File Transfer
Fax Profile
Object Push
Headset Profile
Synchronisation
LAN Access Profile

10. Bluetooth and APIs
Bluetooth’s dirty little secret
Well ok, it’s not really a secret.....and it’s not that dirty
No Common API for Bluetooth Stacks
defined as part of the Bluetooth standard
Why not?
Stacks were a pretty competitive area
in the early days of Bluetooth
Can create development issues

11. JSR82 aka JABWT
Provide Java APIs for Profiles supported :
common Bluetooth GAP, SDAP, SPP, GOEP,
functionality L2CAP, RFCOMM, SDP,
OBEX
Started Oct ‘00,
completed March ’02
Generic Access Profile
SDAP TCS Bin based profiles
Chaired by Motorola; Intercom Profile Cordless Phone
other members
Serial Port Profile
Generic Object Exchange
Dial Up Networking Profile
included Rococo, Fax Profile
File Transfer
Nokia, Ericsson, Headset Profile
Object Push
Mitsubishi, Extended
Synchronisation
LAN Access Profile
Systems and more

12. JSR82 - Timeline
JSR82 Expert
Group formed JSR82 1.0 Review JSR82 1.1
JSR82 Main standards work Maintenance review
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Impronto DevKit
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
1.0
Rococo Impronto
1.1 1.2 1.3
Simulator 1.0
Impronto TLK

13. JSR82 Overview
Application
JSR82 APIs
OBEX
Service Discovery
RFCOMM
Protocol
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
Host Controller Interface
Host Controller Interface Firmware
Link manager Protocol
Baseband Link Controller
Bluetooth Radio

14. JSR82 Overview
Depends only on CLDC Two TCKs
Requires GCF Data-Centric (not
voice)
Two packages
(javax.obex and Asynchronous
javax.bluetooth) application start
(JSR118) - initially
Javax.obex not supported
javax.microedition.io
javax.bluetooth

15. JSR82 Overview
Manage and control
Device Management connections
Device Discovery <<uses>>
Ser vice Discovery
discovery
Ser vice Registration
<<uses>>
Connection Establishing connections
Using connections

16. Clients and Ser vers
Clients typically...
Discover Devices
Use Ser vice Discovery Protocol to query remote SDDB for ser vices
Connect and use required service(s)
Disconnect when finished
Servers typically...
Create a Service Record
Add Ser vice Record to Service Record Database
Wait for connections
Accept and process incoming connections
Update Ser vice Record when/if changes to the ser vices
De-register or disable Service Record when it’s no longer needed
May be both client and server....

17. Discovery : LocalDevice
javax.bluetooth::LocalDevice
discoveryAgent:DiscoveryAgent
localDevice:LocalDevice
LocalDevice(...)
getBluetoothAddress(...)
getDeviceClass(...)
getDiscoverable(...)
getDiscoveryAgent(...)
getFriendlyName(...)
getLocalDevice(...)
getProperty(...)
/** getRecord(...)
setDiscoverable(...)
* Initialize updateRecord(...)
*/
public void btInit() throws BluetoothStateException {
localDevice = null;
discoveryAgent = null;
// Retrieve the local device to get to the Bluetooth Manager
localDevice = LocalDevice.getLocalDevice();
// Clients retrieve the discovery agent
discoveryAgent = localDevice.getDiscoveryAgent();
}
Source: C. Enrique Ortiz - Using the Java APIs for Bluetooth, Part 2: Putting the Core APIs to Work

18. Discovery
DiscoveryAgent class used for both Device
and Ser vice Discovery
startInquiry() - non-blocking
specify a listener for the callbacks
retrieveDevices() - blocking
returns information about pre-known
devices (devices previously discovered)

19. Discovery
javax.bluetooth::DiscoveryListener
INQUIRY_COMPLETED: int
INQUIRY_ERROR: int
INQUIRY_TERMINATED: int
SERVICES_SEARCH_COMPLETED: int
SERVICES_SEARCH_DEVICE_NOT_REACHABLE: int
SERVICES_SEARCH_ERROR: int
SERVICES_SEARCH_NO_RECORDS: int
SERVICES_SEARCH_TERMINATED: int
deviceDiscovered(...)
inquiryCompleted(...)
servicesDiscovered(...)
servicesSearchCompleted(...)
implements
Client 1 1 Initiate and
uses javax.bluetooth::DiscoveryAgent Cancel device
discovery
CACHEC: int
GIAC:int
LIAC:int
NOT_DISCOVERABLE:int
PREKNOWN:int
DiscoveryAgent(...)
cancelInquiry(...) Callbacks on
cancelServiceSearch(...) DiscoveryListener
retrieveDevices(...) methods during
searchServices(...) inquiry
selectServices(...)
startInquiry(...)

20. Service Discovery
Search for services of a particular class
Retrieve service attributes of a service
Get services and their attributes in one go
Stop a ser vice search in progress

21. Connections
Based on GCF; Represented by L2CAPConnection
and StreamConnection types
Bluetooth Connections created using GCF
connection factory:
javax.microedition.io.Connector.open()
parameter = connectionURL
btl2cap://hostname [PSM | UUID]; parameters
btspp://hostname [CN | UUID]; parameters
hostname either localhost (server) or
BTAddr

22. Connections
...
// Bluetooth Service name
private static final String myServiceName = quot;MyBtServicequot;;
// Bluetooth Service UUID of interest
private static final String myServiceUUID = quot;2d26618601fb47c28d9f10b8ec891363quot;;
private UUID MYSERVICEUUID_UUID = new UUID(myServiceUUID, false);
...
// Define the server connection URL
String connURL = quot;btspp://localhost:quot;+MYSERVICEUUID_UUID.toString()
+quot;;quot;+name=quot;+myServiceName;
...
// Create a server connection (a notifier)
StreamConnectionNotifier scn = (StreamConnectionNotifier) Connector.open(connURL);
...
// Accept a new client connection
StreamConnection sc = scn.acceptAndOpen();
...
Source: C. Enrique Ortiz - Using the Java APIs for Bluetooth, Part 2: Putting the Core APIs to Work

23. Connections
...
// Given a service of interest, get its service record
ServiceRecord sr = (ServiceRecord)discoveredServices.elementAt(i);
// Then get the service's connection URL
String connURL = sr.getConnectionURL(ServiceRecord.NOAUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT, false);
// Open connection
StreamConnection sc = (StreamConnection) Connector.open(connURL);
...
Source: C. Enrique Ortiz - Using the Java APIs for Bluetooth, Part 2: Putting the Core APIs to Work

24. Wait for a connection
...
// Wait for client connection
StreamConnection conn = streamConnectionNotifier.acceptAndOpen();
// New client connection accepted; get a handle on it
RemoteDevice rd = RemoteDevice.getRemoteDevice(conn);
System.out.println(quot;New client connection... quot; +
rd.getFriendlyName(false));
// Read input message, in this example a String
DataInputStream dataIn = conn.openDataInputStream();
String s = dataIn.readUTF();
// Pass received message to incoming message listener
...
Source: C. Enrique Ortiz - Using the Java APIs for Bluetooth, Part 2: Putting the Core APIs to Work

25. Push Registry
Net work and timer-initiated midlet
activation
Inbound net work connection or timer-
based alarm can wake a midlet
midlet can register with Push Registry,
statically or dynamically
Example Use case: Health Care Monitor

26. Power Management
If an API is invoked that requires Bluetooth to be powered on, and enabled, then
JSR82
MUST Notify user
SHOULD Prompt user to activate
If user approves, Bluetooth MUST be activated (Powered on, Enabled)
Localdevice.isPowerOn()
NOT
RADIO / BT ENABLED
ENABLED
RADIO ON Proceed Notify
RADIO OFF Notify Notify

27. BCC Bluetooth Control
Center
Central authority for certain Bluetooth settings
MUST provide MAY provide
Device wide security settings Setting Device Name
Known devices Baseband timeouts
Trusted devices Reset device
Pairing mechanism Determining how connectable and
discoverable are set
Authorization of connection requests Enumerating ser vices on device

28. JSR82 Implementations
Phones Dev Kits OEM
Nokia Nokia
Symbian Sun
Motorola Atinav
Samsung Avetana
avelink
Sony Ericsson BlueCove
jsrsoft
Sharp jsrsoft
Rococo
Siemens Harald
BenQ javabluetooth.org
QTek Rococo
HTC

29. Rococo’s Approach
Support JSR82 from inception
Offer tools to developers
Simulator
DevKit
Offer implementation(s) to Equipment
Manufacturers
Initial interest: handset manufacturers

30. JSR82 Bluetooth
Simulator

31. Current status of the
JSR82 standard
Now at JSR82 1.1
1.1 brought
Tidy ups
PushRegistry

32. Evolution of Bluetooth
Bluetooth SIG has been “busy” :-)
Embrace and Extend philosophy on short
range wireless standards
Some recent developments
WiBree and ULP
NFC
UWB
BECI

34. WiBree and ULP
Nokia started working on low power
technology in 2001 (WiBree)
Idea was to address really low-power,
embedded connectivity scenarios
Watches, sensors, wearables
Successfully created the standard and
garnered industry participation
Merged in to Bluetooth 2007 - known for
now as ULP

35. Market potential - ULP
One connection within 50m every minute for three years on a single button cell battery
....within 5m every second for three years on a single button cell battery
Source:. Nick Hunn, EZurio, Bluetooth Evolution conference Nov 2007

36. ULP Scenarios

37. Ultra Wideband

38. UWB in Bluetooth

39. Ultra Wideband

40. UWB usage
HD Video (19 to 24 Mbps HD MPEG2); 18Gb
2 hour movie
up/download in 7 minutes ; 1% battery
1 CD Album (10 MP3s) - 1 second
20 Hi rez photos - 1 second

41. BECI
Bluetooth Embedded Control Interface
Standardise an interface above the level
of Bluetooth Profiles
Remove/reduce stack dependency
Focus: embedded / automotive markets
Potential for re-use in JSR82

42. Bluetooth Evolution
Lots of new stuff going in to Bluetooth
Standard
Java APIs may be needed to take
advantage of the new functionality
Bluetooth is moving from Phones (highest
volume) to Set Top Boxes, Cars, Copiers,
Printers, Medical Devices, .....
Lots of places where Java also lives :-)

43. Java and Bluetooth
Bluetooth Java
in devices in devices
Home Industrial / M2M
Gateway
Headsets
Medical
Sensors Phones
Printers STBs
Industrial / M2M Home
Gateway
Cars / OSGi Printers

44. JSR82 could do with
either...
A major update to track Bluetooth
Evolution
OR
A Brand new standard that builds on
JSR82

45. Issues - Current JSR82
Learning curve is still high
Piconets, Ser vices, Protocols, Profiles,
Security
Writing your own helper code every time:
e.g. Device Discovers and Ser vice
Searchers
e.g. Marge Project
https://marge.dev.java.net/

46. Enhancements
Housekeeping/Admin APIs
As per Marge
Better abstractions for ease of use
Audio
Application Specific APIs
Gaming, Automotive, Location, Medical
UWB and Low-Power Scenarios

47. Android

48. Conclusions
JSR82 is now “hitting its stride in terms
of usage and deployment
Excellent potential for follow-on standard
Either JSR82++
or a new standard that builds on it...
Rococo will propose such a standard in ’08
Interested? Email me:
sos@rococosoft.com