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Chemilluminescent assay 
Basic principles , Instrumentation 
and clinical utility 
By 
Herat soni 
2nd Year Resident 
Biochemistry
● Luminescence 
X*---------->X+hv(light) 
● Chemiluminescence 
Luminol + H2O2 ---> oxidised luminol* + H2O 
-----> oxidised Luminol + hv (light) 
● Bioluminescence 
seen in firefly
● Enhanced chemiluminescence 
-In presence of HRP 
Iodophenol(R-OH) + H2O2 +luminol 
RO*(phenolate radical) +H2O +luminol 
Hydroxyquinone +oxidised luminol* 
Oxidised luminol + hv(Light)
● Electrochemiluminescence
Electrochemiluminescence video
Principle of CLIA
● The widely used enzymes for luminescent immunoassays 
are AP(Alkaline phosphatase) and HRP(Horseradish 
peroxidase) and pyruvate kinase(in bioluminescence) 
AMPPD 
Alkaline phosphatase 
m-AMPD 
(m-MOB-)*=m-oxybenzoate anion 
M-MOB- + hv(Light) 
● The suitable substrates for luminescent immunoassays 
include (i) luminol (ii) acridine esters (iii)Isoluminol 
(iv)Luciferin (v)AMPPD
Mechanism of pyruvate kinase 
AMP+phosphoenolpyruvate 
Pyruvate kinase 
ATP+pyruvate 
Luciferin-luciferase 
Reaction 
Light
Instumentation
Chemilluminescent 
Assay 
ELISA Radioimmunoassay 
No stop solution 
Stop solution required 
(not in kinetic assay) 
No stop solution 
Higher sensitivity Less sensitive(stray 
light) 
Less sensitive(?) 
No light source(Filter) Light source needed No light source
Clinical Utility 
Thyroid 
­Anti­TG 
­Anti­TPO 
­Free 
T3 
­Free 
T4 
­Total 
T3 
­Total 
T4 
­TSH 
Tumour 
markers 
­AFP 
­CA 
125II 
­CA 
19­9 
­CEA 
­PSA 
­Serum 
HER­2/ 
neu 
Anemia 
­Ferritin 
­Vitamin 
B12 
Cardiac 
­BNP 
­CKMB 
­D­Dimer 
Hormones 
­AFP 
­FSH 
­hCG 
­LH 
­Progesterone 
­Prolactin 
­Testosterone 
Therapeutic 
Drug 
Monitoring 
­Carbamazepi 
ne 
­Digitoxin 
­Digoxin 
­Gentamicin 
­Phenytoin 
­Theophylline 
­Valproic 
Acid 
­Vancomycin 
­Cyclosporine
Hepatitis 
Anti­HBe 
Anti­HBs 
HAV IgM 
HBc IgM 
HBeAg 
HBsAg 
HBsAg Confirmatory 
HCV 
ToRCH 
CMV IgG 
CMV IgM 
Rubella IgG 
Rubella IgM 
Toxoplasma IgG 
Toxoplasma IgM 
Diabetes 
C­Peptide 
(Serum;Urine) 
Insulin
Chemiluminescence assay

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Chemiluminescence assay

  • 1. Chemilluminescent assay Basic principles , Instrumentation and clinical utility By Herat soni 2nd Year Resident Biochemistry
  • 2. ● Luminescence X*---------->X+hv(light) ● Chemiluminescence Luminol + H2O2 ---> oxidised luminol* + H2O -----> oxidised Luminol + hv (light) ● Bioluminescence seen in firefly
  • 3. ● Enhanced chemiluminescence -In presence of HRP Iodophenol(R-OH) + H2O2 +luminol RO*(phenolate radical) +H2O +luminol Hydroxyquinone +oxidised luminol* Oxidised luminol + hv(Light)
  • 7. ● The widely used enzymes for luminescent immunoassays are AP(Alkaline phosphatase) and HRP(Horseradish peroxidase) and pyruvate kinase(in bioluminescence) AMPPD Alkaline phosphatase m-AMPD (m-MOB-)*=m-oxybenzoate anion M-MOB- + hv(Light) ● The suitable substrates for luminescent immunoassays include (i) luminol (ii) acridine esters (iii)Isoluminol (iv)Luciferin (v)AMPPD
  • 8. Mechanism of pyruvate kinase AMP+phosphoenolpyruvate Pyruvate kinase ATP+pyruvate Luciferin-luciferase Reaction Light
  • 10.
  • 11. Chemilluminescent Assay ELISA Radioimmunoassay No stop solution Stop solution required (not in kinetic assay) No stop solution Higher sensitivity Less sensitive(stray light) Less sensitive(?) No light source(Filter) Light source needed No light source
  • 12. Clinical Utility Thyroid ­Anti­TG ­Anti­TPO ­Free T3 ­Free T4 ­Total T3 ­Total T4 ­TSH Tumour markers ­AFP ­CA 125II ­CA 19­9 ­CEA ­PSA ­Serum HER­2/ neu Anemia ­Ferritin ­Vitamin B12 Cardiac ­BNP ­CKMB ­D­Dimer Hormones ­AFP ­FSH ­hCG ­LH ­Progesterone ­Prolactin ­Testosterone Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ­Carbamazepi ne ­Digitoxin ­Digoxin ­Gentamicin ­Phenytoin ­Theophylline ­Valproic Acid ­Vancomycin ­Cyclosporine
  • 13. Hepatitis Anti­HBe Anti­HBs HAV IgM HBc IgM HBeAg HBsAg HBsAg Confirmatory HCV ToRCH CMV IgG CMV IgM Rubella IgG Rubella IgM Toxoplasma IgG Toxoplasma IgM Diabetes C­Peptide (Serum;Urine) Insulin