80089.0 sofia reconciling urban planning and transport citec_20121011

Mobility solutions

Reconciling Urbanism and Mobility
Objectives, criterias, tools and good practises

Eng.Stefano Manelli – Citec Ingénieurs Conseils SA

City Talk Urban Mobility – Sofia, Bulgaria – October 11th 2012

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Summary
1 1. Introduction
 Main interactions between urban and transport planners
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 Adequacy of urban plans to urban mobility objectives
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 Permanence of urban plans on transport system
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5 2. Transport planning objectives, strategies and tools
 Main objectives of modern transport planning
 BRT, Tramways as opportunities for development
 Parking location, design and solutions
 Pedestrians and bicycle plans (Geneva)
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 The “éco-quartier”: concept of sustainable urban development

3. Examples of successful cooperation
 Geneva: post-industrial development of a central area: PAV Praille-Acacias-Vernets
 Geneva airport: new multi-functional area with Dominique Perrault
 Anversa: new waterfront area with Bernardo Secchi

4. Conclusions

Order n. 80089.0 – City Talk Urban Mobility – Eng..Stefano Manelli Sofia, October 11th 2012

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Citec Ingénieurs Conseils

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Citec Ingénieurs Conseils SA
Mobility solutions


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Citec Ingénieurs Conseils SA
1 Swiss Transport Consulting Firm
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3  Citec was founded in 1994 in Geneva.
4  Citec counts now agencies in Switzerland, France, Belgium and Italy.
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 About 50 transport engineers and urban planners and 5’000’000 Euros turnover
 Inspired by Passion, Pragmatism and Innovation
 Find out more on www.citec.ch
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Introduction: interactions between transport and
urbanism
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Main interactions between urban and transport planners
Adequacy of urban plans to urban mobility objectives
Permanence of urban plans on transport system


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Interactions between transport and urban planning
1 How can urban planners help transport planners?
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3  Location of a new building: the functions concentrated on a given area impose permanent
4 impacts on the transport system at the urban scale.
5  A settlement is always a traffic generator at local, urban and often at intercity scale.
 Any new development can affect the life of many thousands of people for the next 20-30 years
and impact every day mobility.
 At the same time, externalities such as transport time loss, costs, emissions and pollution,
necessity for new transport infrastructures, etc. are strongly impacting the City
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Administration budget!

Urban plans can help to minimize the externalities on transport and the waste of
resources, facilitating the implementation of a virtuous circle. The promotion of state-of-the-art
mobility concepts can encourage people to move in a long-term sustainable way. Every mode
of transport shall be included in the urban plan design from the very beginning.


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Interactions between transport and urban planning
1 How can transport planners help urban planners?
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3  Modern transport approach can help to save space and money and increase the durability of
4 functions in a given area.
5  Reducing space consumption for functions such as parking lots, with the best adequacy to
the real demand, allows using space for other functions which contribute to the increase of the
quality of life.
 Assure the integration of all modes of transport on a urban plan, proposing solid analysis,
state of the art and innovative solutions, based on a broad experience.
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Adequacy of urban plans to transport and mobility objectives
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To plan a city without thinking to transport: a vicious circle
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Transport planning objectives, strategies and tools
1 Transport is a fundamental element of urban plans at all levels:
2  During planning and design phase: the localization choices for roads, pedestrian walkways,
3 parking, etc. shall be though, bearing in mind the concept of minimal footprint of these areas.
4  During the exploitation: every day, users shall be put into the right conditions to maximize
5 the chances given to public transport, bicycle, etc. in comparison to the use of private cars.

Therefore:
 Parking location and design need to be studied extremely well.
 Competition between private and public transport shall be promoted (car is usually put in
Mobility solutions

a more advantaged situation)
 Do not forget all users of the street: pedestrians and bicycles are crucial actors of the
urban mobility

Basically to be successful, it is necessary to have clear sustainable objectives and
targets for quality of life and insist on the integration of all modes of transport.


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BRT, Tramways as opportunities for development
Mobility solutions

Public transport and urban development
BRT, Tramways


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Public transport and urban development
1 Public transport strong assets shall be preferred axes for development
2  To concentrate developments around transport infrastructures means density and mix of
3 functions in coherence with the transport developments.
4  This facilitates the efficiency of public transport network and allows having the resources to
5 further develop it.
 At the urban scale these two levels shall go in parallel.
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Example: Copenhagen «fiive fingers» strategic development plan


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BRT, Tramways as opportunities for development
1 Tramways and BRT are great occasions for re-developments
2  Public transport systems with high capacity (frequencies and size of vehicles)
3  Users profit of improved comfort (reserved lanes and stability of commercial speed)
4  Often to build a new tramway or BRT is an occasion to transform the whole road from a side to the
5 other, with new street furniture
 It is an occasion to equilibrate the space (and the importance) given to the different users of the
road in accordance to the characteristics of a given area (touristic, industrial, transit, residential…)
 Very expensive projects shall perform very well during exploitation, therefore it is crucial to
maximize their attractiveness, not only with urban mobility solutions, but integrating them in the
conceptual phases of the urban developments and transformation which will occur around those
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areas.

Tram TCOB – Geneva – Design Citec


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Parking design and policies
Mobility solutions

Objectives and tools to choose right location and design
Create competition between transport modes


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Parking location and design
1 To design the right offer in terms of parking
2  Multimodal transport accessibility to the area to design the most appropriate requirement
3  Optimization of parking based on real demand (the functions of the area shall be clear)
4  Management of the demand in accordance with the characteristics of a given area
5  Sharing parking areas among different building etc.
 New rules for construction (avoid underground)

Tools
 Regulations on parking requirements: an integrated logic
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 Create the principles for a real competition between private cars and public transport
 Parking surveys: occupancy and rotation


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Parking location and design
1 Parking regulations: multimodal accessibility
2 Parking for residents:
3  Target: avoid too many cars to park during long period on the streets
4  Solution: Impose a minimum of parking slots available for residential parking slots, based on
5 amount of inhabitants or apartments planned in a given area

Parking for employees and visitors:
 Target: encourage the use of existing public transport infrastructure, allow competition
between the modes of transport
Mobility solutions

 Solution: Impose a maximum for parking dedicated to employees for a given area
 Allow to realize parking for employees outside from the urban development in remote
park&ride structures

This requires an integrated approach which calls for analysis on the public transport and
pedestrian-bicycle accessibility to reduce the requirement from a theoretical requirement to a
real expected requirement, assuming that part of the users will prefer public transport.


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Geneva: regulation on parking requirements
1  Colors correspond to a specific requirement: from minimum (dark blue) to maximum (green)
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Optimization: adaption to real demand
1 To avoid to build too many parking:
2  Analyse the real demand: each user has a different behavior on the day
3  Propose parking management solutions to achieve the objectives planned
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Optimization: adaption to real demand
1 To optimize parking lots by overlapping users needs and behaviors:
2  It could allow up to 10-30% reducution.
3  On a parking for 400 cars, can represent 50 to 100 cars parks less to be built.
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-50 car parks = 2’000’000 CHF reduction of construction costs
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Create a real competition and new transport opportunities
1 Modern approach:
2  Improve the attractivness of public transport stops serving a given area
3  Minimize the impact of cars on residential areas and constraint as much as possible the traffic
4 on the main arterial roads
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How to implement the above mentioned objectives:
 Do not build parking just below the buildings, but at the same distance of the nearest public
transport stop
 Do not sell private parking slots, but shared ones.
Mobility solutions

 Maximize the pedestrian accessibility to public transport stops (bicycle parking, etc..)
 Minimize new roads to be constructed within the new urban developments: mostly local
accessibility, no transit.


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Pedestrians and Bicycles
Mobility solutions

Very important actors of the urban mobility


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Pedestrians and bikes: very important actors of mobility
1 Why are they so important?
2  A third of the overall transport connections are made within 3 km.
3  Almost every user starts and finishes being a pedestrian while moving.
4  Below 3 to 4 kilometers, the share of pedestrians and bicycles is often very important
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In these contexts pedestrians and bicycles are very convenient, given certain conditions:
 Readability of network and specific solutions
 Quality, comfort, safety and accessibility
 Communication and information
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 Pedagogy and culture of mobility


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Example: Pedestrian Mobility Plan Geneva
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1 Five top-priority actions for the Pedestrian Plan in Geneva:
2  Encourage walking (with specific design)
3  Valorize squares and specific areas of the city (touristic, historical, business, natural…)
4  Promote pedestrian mobility: information and pedagogy
5  Remove all obstacles from pedestrian paths
 Calm traffic within residential areas (but also railways stations, etc.)
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Ecoquartiers
«Environmentally friendly developments»
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Most advanced tendencies of transport and urbanism towards
environementally friendly solutions


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Environmentally friendly developments: «Eco quartiers»
1 A « écoquartier » is a urban area with modern environmentally friendly objectives:
2  Strong management of resources and waste produced by activities on a given area
3  Production and consumption of energy and recycling
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5 These type of interventions rely on the implication of the inhabitants and the public
administrations.

Criterias:
 Limit energy consumption
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 Limit the role and the use of private cars
 Limit water consumption
 Waste management
 Biodiversity


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Successful exemples
Mobility solutions

Geneva: post-industrial development of a central area: PAV
Geneva airport: new multi-functional area with Dominique Perrault
Anversa: new waterfront area with Bernardo Secchi


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Geneva PAV: Praille-Acacias-Vernets
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2 The project:
3  Transformation of a former industrial area
4 of Geneva into a multifunctional and
5 dense city centre extension.
 The area is located 2,5km South to Hyper
Centre of the City, with high pressure on
residential and activities spaces.
 Geneva football stadium, one of main rail
cargo depots and some commercial
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centres are already located in the same
area.
 The city ring road jonction and a P&R
reach and cross the area.
 The area is served by full multimodal
transport system, with 2 tramway routes,
suburban train stop, bus lines and a
network of bicycle routes.


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Geneva PAV: Praille-Acacias-Vernets
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Accessibility by Public Transport
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Accessibility by private car Development of bicycle and pedestrian network (voie verte)

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Masterplan Nieuw Zuid in Anversa with Bernardo Secchi
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To build a sustainable
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residential area of 400’000m²
3 in a constraint environment
4 (motorway, river, railway line)
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Main concept of the project:
 Reduce the impact of the
motorway junction and
reconvert part of it into a
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urban parc.
 Ensure the multimodal link
to the rest of the city (in
particular public transport
and bicycles)
 Avoid transit through the
new area by an accurate
road design.


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3 Inner (main)
street
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Zone
20km/h

Pedestrian
Paths


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Inner street (Masterplan Nieuw Zuid in Anversa )
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Guarantee slow flow of
vehicles
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Wide and
multifunctional
sidewalks

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Zones 20 km/h (Masterplan Nieuw Zuid in Anversa )
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Public space to the use Mixing pedestrians, cars
of local inhabitants and bicycles
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Pedestrian paths (Masterplan Nieuw Zuid in Anversa )
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Maximize the continuity Public and private space
of pedestrian network are in tight connection
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Conclusions
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Conclusions
1 In terms of mobility the objectives targeted are achievable only if:
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3  Adequate means are given to transport analysis in planning and execution phase
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5  Administration disposes of a long term transport development plan coordinated with
guidelines for urban transformation and developments

 A growing culture of sustainable mobility is spread all over the population (education)
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 Investors understand the importance on the long term of a modern planning

What shall be changed in the regulations, in the culture and in the process of
investments to make this happen?


mobility solutions

Order : Citec Ingénieurs Conseils SA
■ 80089.0 City Talk Urban Mobility 47, route des Acacias
Case postale 1711
References: CH-1211 Genève 26
Tél +41 (0)22 809 60 00 ■
■ Resp: Stefano Manelli – Director Italy Citec e-mail: citec@citec.ch ■
■ Co-Resp: Franco Tufo – Director General Citec www.citec.ch ■

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