Game-based Learning as a Suitable Approach for Teaching Digital Ethical Thinking in the Field of Artificial Intelligence

GAME-BASED LEARNING AS A SUITABLE
APPROACH FOR TEACHING
DIGITAL ETHICAL THINKING IN THE FIELD OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Martin Bloomfield1, Claudia Lemke2, Dagmar Monett2
1 York Associates (UNITED KINGDOM) 2 Berlin School of Economics and Law (GERMANY)
15th annual International Technology, Education and Development Conference, INTED 2021,
Valencia, March 8th-9th, 2021
1

Outline
★ Motivation
★ Artificial Intelligence & Digital Ethics
★ Games for Digital Ethical Thinking
★ Discussion
2
Bloomfield, Lemke & Monett, INTED 2021
04/02/2021

Outline
★ Motivation
★ Discussion
3
04/02/2021

Teaching and Learning in a Digital Age
Increasing
technology
upskilling
Growing
industry
automation
Blurring
offline & online
(OnLife)
Adopting human
decision-making
Human skills & experiences A technology-driven world
Need of a new, digital ethical thinking
Changed & new human behaviour,
moral value and norms,
ethical attitudes
New regulations and governance,
digital business models, products
& services
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Game-Based Learning as a Suitable Approach
Learning
process
montoring
Creativity
Soft (social)
skills
Practice,
experiences
& learning
Engagement
& motivation
Reflection,
feedback &
self-control
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Outline
★ Motivation
★ Discussion
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) as Emerging Technology
I
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“AI is already happening today
an it is pervasive, often invisibly
embedded in our day-to-day
tools”3
2 Floridi 2020: Digital Ethics? https:// sha r e. e x p edi tio ns. co m / en _ U S /
exp /6 0 0 0 4 c 7 b 1a cd f
“[AI] is the New Electricity –
Andrew Ng”1
1 Synced 2017: Artificial Intelligen c e is the New Electrici ty – Andrew
Ng. https:// m ed iu m. c o m /sy n c ed r e vi e w /a rti fi cia l -i nt e lli g e n c e - is - th e-
new-ele c t ri ci ty -an dr e w -n g - c c 1 3 2 ea 6 2 6 4
“[AI] … embodies the capacity to
● solve problems,
● carry on tasks successfully
given a goal and
● learn from data and improve.”2
3 Coeckelbergh 2020: AI Ethics, MIT Press
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Cultural Values influence Ethical Thinking
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Ethical Frameworks such as … objectivism,
consequentialism, and virtue ethics
categorise moral principles and define the
human’s moral choice space
Ethics … describes and reflects morality,
the moral values and norms, and define
principles for human behaviour
Cultural Background … forms our individual
and societal norms and values, i.e. our
morality, and determines legal regulation
and governance
E t h i c a l
T h i n k i n g

The ethical problem of AI
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AI comes with an ethical problem:
“... marks the first time we can
divorce the ability to do something
successfully … from the need to be
intelligent in doing so. This divorce
is where ethics occurs.”1
1 Floridi 2020: Digital Ethics? https:// sha r e. e x p edi tio ns. co m / en _ U S /
exp /6 0 0 0 4 c 7 b 1a cd f
Typical ethical issues address:
● Transparency
● Reasonable inferences
● Data privacy & surveillance
● Biases & discrimination
● Technical robustness and security
● Accountability
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Digital Ethical Thinking as Reflection about the
Human-Tech-Interaction
1Flori d i 2018 : Soft Ethics and the
Governan c e of the Digital
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D i g i t a l
E t h i c a l
T h i n k i n g
New mindset of moral statements
=
How to interact with digital
technologies
1) Understanding these technologies
2) Shaping these technologies
More understanding correlates with
better dialogue
–
better dialogue correlates with less
conflicts
–
less conflicts offer better decision making
about how to shape these technologies
for a good life
Digital Ethics “… as
the branch of ethics
that studies and
evaluates moral
problems relating to
data and information,
algorithms and
corresponding
practices and
infrastructures in
order to formulate
and support morally
good solutions”1

Outline
★ Motivation
★ Discussion
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Inclusive and Accessable Learning needs to Support
Neurodiversity Aspects
For further informati o n :
https:// w w w. yo ut ub e . co m/ w a t ch ? v= k u Hq _3 ol M 3 M
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Phonological
processing
difficulties
Working
memory
issues
Executive
function
difficulties
Highly
creative
Big picture /
holistic
reasoning
Visual
thinking
High levels
of focus
Great
energy
Concentration
difficulties
Focus on
detail
Language
processing
difficulties
Difficulty in reading
standard “social cues”
Attachment to
routine
(Sometimes )
Sequencing
differences
(left-right / time /
prioritising / etc)
High sensitivity to
sensory input
Socially
“clumsy”
Dyslexia
ASD /
Autism
ADHD
Respect all different learning forms
=
Human brain’s natural differences in terms of
● sociability,
● learning,
● attention,
● mood and
● other critical mental functions
 Game-Based learning fosters the learning
success, not only of neurodiversity people

Game-Based Learning and Digital Ethical Thinking
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Ethical frameworks
Different ethics games
From general purpose
and aim to specific ones
D i g i t a l
E t h i c a l
T h i n k i n g
Figure 1, paper No. 716, INTED 2021

Rights Poker as an Example to Teach Digital Ethical
Thinking
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Aim of the German-speaking course:
Fundamentals about data- and
algorithm ethics
Learning design: game-based and
neurodiversity
● Each episode contains at least one
pocket game from the taxonomy
● One generic ethic game for
teaching the cultural and ethical
aspects
“Rights Poker”:
• 13 moral statements like ‘all lives matter’,
’stealing is wrong’, ’the death penalty is immoral’,
etc.
• Single-player or multi-player
• self-paced learning or interactive classroom game
• Digital Ethical Thinking goals: deal with
different moral statements, learn and reflect the
value of moral statements by different
people/cultural groups
+ 1 Dealer
(Computer)
Moral
Statements
5
Ante
5
5

Outline
★ Motivation
★ Discussion
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Advantages of Game-Based Learning for Digital
Ethical Thinking
Holistic view of a
complex topic with a
better explanation of
learning content
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Better process
and contextualization
of knowledge
Faster knowledge
transfer of theoretical
ethics foundations
Better consideration
of different learning
styles
Better understanding
of digital ethical
issues
Better
decision making about
concrete usage of digital
technologies

Thanks for your attention!
For further discussions, please contact:
martin.bloomfield@gmail.com
claudia.lemke@hwr-berlin.de
dagmar.monett-diaz@hwr-berlin.de
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04/02/2021

Game-based Learning as a Suitable Approach for Teaching Digital Ethical Thinking in the Field of Artificial Intelligence

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Game-based Learning as a Suitable Approach for Teaching Digital Ethical Thinking in the Field of Artificial Intelligence