Blockchain technology and crowdsourcing are two distinct concepts, but they can be interconnected to create innovative solutions.

1. Department of Computer Science
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
A Blockchain-empowered crowdsourcing
system for 5G-enabled smart cities
Presented By:
Keshab Kumar Gaurav
(Research Scholar)

2. 2
Contents
• Research Paper Information
• Introduction
• Problem Statements
• Proposed Model
• Conclusion
• Reference

3. 3
Research Paper Information
• Title : A blockchain-empowered crowdsourcing system for 5G-enabled smart cities
• Author : Tan L, Xiao H , Yu Kp , Aloqaily M, Jararweh Y
• Publication Year : 2021
• Journal information : Computer Standards & Interfaces
• Publisher : Elsevier, Radarweg 29, 1043 Nx Amsterdam, Netherlands
• Impact Factor : 3.721(2021)
• Volume : 76
• Citations : 103
• DOI : 10.1016/j.csi.2021.103517

4. 4
Introduction
Crowdsourcing : Crowdsourcing is the practice of getting ideas or help on a
project from a large number of people, usually through the internet [1].
The advantages of crowdsourcing include cost savings, speed, and the ability to
work with people who have skills that an in-house team may not have[2].

5. 5
Crowdsourcing architecture

6. 6
Problem Statements
• Centralized Server
• Remote Hijacking
• Third party payment
• Privacy Disclosure
• Data Loss
• False Reporting
• Free riding

7. 7
Proposed Model

8. 8
Working Mechanism
The proposed crowdsourcing mechanism and service process is divided into nine
stages:
1. Initialization
2. Task Submission
3. Task Publication
4. Task Reception
5. Scheme Submission
6. Scheme Arbitration
7. Payment
8. Task Rollback
9. Service Compensation

9. 9
Working Mechanism
The smart contract control the execution of each step in each stage and the payment
is completed by blockchain without the involvement of third party central
execution.
Initialization : The main function of the initialization stage is to complete platform
registration, requesters registration, and workers registration.
Task Submission : The requester submits the tasks to be solved to the
crowdsourcing platform by depositing the service fee in the blockchain and the
service fee is freezed during the task resolution.

10. 10
Working Mechanism
Task Publication : The crowdsourcing platform reviews the task submitted by the
requester. After the verification of the requesters, the task is published to the
workers whose professional field is consistent with the task’s field.
Task Reception : The workers receives the task on the blockchain by depositing
the security deposit on the blockchain and the security deposit is freezed during the
task resolution. If the funds freeze failed, the task cannot be successfully received.
Scheme Submission : The worker submits the completed scheme to the platform.
If the time of the workers submiting scheme exceeded the deadline for submiting
the scheme, at this time, the service compensation is executed.

11. 11
Working Mechanism
Scheme Arbitration : The scheme arbitration phase mainly includes three steps:
scheme reception, scheme verification and scheme arbitration.
Payment : If the result of the scheme verification was passed, or the result of the
scheme arbitration was passed, the platform obtains the service fee frozen by the
requester. The worker obtains the corresponding reward.
Task Rollback : If the result of the scheme verification was failed, the platform will
roll back the task, and then republishes the task to other workers on the blockchain.
Service Compensation : When the requesters, the workers or the platform had
malicious behaviors, the evil party will compensate the other parties.

12. 12
Comparison
Problems Crowdsourcing Model Proposed Model
Failure Single Point Of Failure De-centralized
Remote Hijacking Possible Not Possible
Payment Third Party Direct
Privacy Disclosure Possible Less Chance
Free Riding Possible Less Chance
False Reporting Possible Not Possible
Data Loss Possible Not Possible

13. 13
Future Research
• How to promote the further development of 5g-enabled smart city
• How to develop a scheme verification model to reduce the probability of free
riding
• How to develop a new crowdsourcing model to work without user registration in
secure way.

14. 14
Conclusion
The author propose a decentralized trusted service mechanism of crowdsourcing
system based on blockchain. The proposed crowdsourcing model resolve the
problems of single point of failure, remote hijacking, free riding, data loss, etc. The
payment of crowd workers which is more convenient, fast and secure without the
need for a third-party central payment agency. All of these will promote the further
development of 5g-enabled smart city.
The partial example of this model is
Mechanical Turk : Amazon Crowdsourcing website for business to hire remotely
located crowd workers to perform discrete on demand tasks that computers are unable
to do.
Ohmynews ; South korean online news website where every citizen is a reporter.
Etc.

15. 15
Reference
1. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crowdsourcing.asp#:~:text=Crowdsourci
ng%20is%20the%20collection%20of,from%20all%20over%20the%20world.
2. https://www.hongkiat.com/blog/what-is-crowdsourcing/
3. Tan, Liang & Xiao, Huan & Yu, Keping & Aloqaily, Moayad & Jararweh,
Yaser. (2021). A Blockchain-empowered Crowdsourcing System for 5G-
enabled Smart Cities. Computer Standards & Interfaces. 76. 103517.
10.1016/j.csi.2021.103517.

16. Thank you
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