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The Network Data Structure in Computing Marko A. Rodriguez Los Alamos National Laboratory Vrije Universiteit Brussel [email_address] http://cnls.lanl.gov/~marko
About me. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research trends. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is a network? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The undirected network. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],i j
Example undirected network. Herbert Marko Aric Ed Zhiwu Alberto Jen Johan Luda Stephan Whenzong
The directed network. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],i j
Example directed network. Muskrat Bear Fish Fox Meerkat Lion Human Wolf Deer Beetle Hyena
The semantic network. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],i j s
Example semantic network. SantaFe Marko NewMexico Ryan California UnitedStates LANL livesIn worksWith cityOf originallyFrom stateOf stateOf locatedIn hasLab Cells Atoms madeOf madeOf researches Oregon southOf hasResident Arnold governerOf northOf
Google’s PageRank. ,[object Object],[object Object],Note: this image was stolen off the web from somewhere.
The components to calculate a  stationary probability distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],a 1 0.0123
Random walker example. a c b d 0 0 0 0
Random walker example. a c b d 1 0 0 0
Random walker example. a c b d 1 0 1 0
Random walker example. a c b d 1 0 1 1
Random walker example. a c b d 1 1 1 1
Random walker example. a c b d 1 1 2 1
Random walker example. a c b d 1 2 2 1
Random walker example. a c b d 2 2 2 1
Random walker example. a c b d 2 2 3 1
Random walker example. a c b d 2 2 3 2
Random walker example. a c b d 2 3 3 2
Random walker example. a c b d 2 3 4 2
Random walker example. a c b d 66785 133310 133321 66784
Random walker example. a c b d 0.167 0.332 0.332 0.167
Breather.
Example semantic network. SantaFe Marko NewMexico Ryan California UnitedStates LANL livesIn worksWith cityOf originallyFrom stateOf stateOf locatedIn hasLab Cells Atoms madeOf madeOf researches Oregon southOf hasResident Arnold governerOf northOf
What is the Semantic Web? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is a resource? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The technologies of the Semantic Web. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RDF and RDFS. lanl:marko lanl:cookie lanl:Human lanl:Food lanl:isEating rdf:type rdf:type lanl:isEating rdfs:domain rdfs:range ontology instance RDF is not a syntax. It’s a data model. Various syntaxes exist to encode RDF including RDF/XML, N-TRIPLE, TRiX, N3, etc.
PageRank in a semantic network? lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote ? lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type ? ?
Components of a grammar-based walker. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 0 0 0 “ Take only  lanl:wrote  out-edge to a resource of  rdf:type   lanl:Article . Then take a  lanl:wrote  in-edge to a resource of  rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only  lanl:Human s. Make sure that the  lanl:Human  seen before is not the same  lanl:Human  currently. Repeat infinitely.”
Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type “ Take only  lanl:wrote  out-edge to a resource of  rdf:type   lanl:Article . Then take a  lanl:wrote  in-edge to a resource of  rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only  lanl:Human s. Make sure that the  lanl:Human  seen before is not the same  lanl:Human  currently. Repeat infinitely.” 1 0 0
Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 1 0 0 “ Take only  lanl:wrote  out-edge to a resource of  rdf:type   lanl:Article . Then take a  lanl:wrote  in-edge to a resource of  rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only  lanl:Human s. Make sure that the  lanl:Human  seen before is not the same  lanl:Human  currently. Repeat infinitely.”
Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 1 0 1 “ Take only  lanl:wrote  out-edge to a resource of  rdf:type   lanl:Article . Then take a  lanl:wrote  in-edge to a resource of  rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only  lanl:Human s. Make sure that the  lanl:Human  seen before is not the same  lanl:Human  currently. Repeat infinitely.”
Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 1 0 1 “ Take only  lanl:wrote  out-edge to a resource of  rdf:type   lanl:Article . Then take a  lanl:wrote  in-edge to a resource of  rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only  lanl:Human s. Make sure that the  lanl:Human  seen before is not the same  lanl:Human  currently. Repeat infinitely.”
Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 2 0 1 “ Take only  lanl:wrote  out-edge to a resource of  rdf:type   lanl:Article . Then take a  lanl:wrote  in-edge to a resource of  rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only  lanl:Human s. Make sure that the  lanl:Human  seen before is not the same  lanl:Human  currently. Repeat infinitely.”
Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 2 0 1 “ Take only  lanl:wrote  out-edge to a resource of  rdf:type   lanl:Article . Then take a  lanl:wrote  in-edge to a resource of  rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only  lanl:Human s. Make sure that the  lanl:Human  seen before is not the same  lanl:Human  currently. Repeat infinitely.”
Grammars create implicit relationships. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type lanl:hasCoauthor
Conclusions. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Related publications. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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The Network Data Structure in Computing

  • 1. The Network Data Structure in Computing Marko A. Rodriguez Los Alamos National Laboratory Vrije Universiteit Brussel [email_address] http://cnls.lanl.gov/~marko
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Example undirected network. Herbert Marko Aric Ed Zhiwu Alberto Jen Johan Luda Stephan Whenzong
  • 7.
  • 8. Example directed network. Muskrat Bear Fish Fox Meerkat Lion Human Wolf Deer Beetle Hyena
  • 9.
  • 10. Example semantic network. SantaFe Marko NewMexico Ryan California UnitedStates LANL livesIn worksWith cityOf originallyFrom stateOf stateOf locatedIn hasLab Cells Atoms madeOf madeOf researches Oregon southOf hasResident Arnold governerOf northOf
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Random walker example. a c b d 0 0 0 0
  • 14. Random walker example. a c b d 1 0 0 0
  • 15. Random walker example. a c b d 1 0 1 0
  • 16. Random walker example. a c b d 1 0 1 1
  • 17. Random walker example. a c b d 1 1 1 1
  • 18. Random walker example. a c b d 1 1 2 1
  • 19. Random walker example. a c b d 1 2 2 1
  • 20. Random walker example. a c b d 2 2 2 1
  • 21. Random walker example. a c b d 2 2 3 1
  • 22. Random walker example. a c b d 2 2 3 2
  • 23. Random walker example. a c b d 2 3 3 2
  • 24. Random walker example. a c b d 2 3 4 2
  • 25. Random walker example. a c b d 66785 133310 133321 66784
  • 26. Random walker example. a c b d 0.167 0.332 0.332 0.167
  • 28. Example semantic network. SantaFe Marko NewMexico Ryan California UnitedStates LANL livesIn worksWith cityOf originallyFrom stateOf stateOf locatedIn hasLab Cells Atoms madeOf madeOf researches Oregon southOf hasResident Arnold governerOf northOf
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32. RDF and RDFS. lanl:marko lanl:cookie lanl:Human lanl:Food lanl:isEating rdf:type rdf:type lanl:isEating rdfs:domain rdfs:range ontology instance RDF is not a syntax. It’s a data model. Various syntaxes exist to encode RDF including RDF/XML, N-TRIPLE, TRiX, N3, etc.
  • 33. PageRank in a semantic network? lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote ? lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type ? ?
  • 34.
  • 35. Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 0 0 0 “ Take only lanl:wrote out-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Article . Then take a lanl:wrote in-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only lanl:Human s. Make sure that the lanl:Human seen before is not the same lanl:Human currently. Repeat infinitely.”
  • 36. Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type “ Take only lanl:wrote out-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Article . Then take a lanl:wrote in-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only lanl:Human s. Make sure that the lanl:Human seen before is not the same lanl:Human currently. Repeat infinitely.” 1 0 0
  • 37. Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 1 0 0 “ Take only lanl:wrote out-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Article . Then take a lanl:wrote in-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only lanl:Human s. Make sure that the lanl:Human seen before is not the same lanl:Human currently. Repeat infinitely.”
  • 38. Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 1 0 1 “ Take only lanl:wrote out-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Article . Then take a lanl:wrote in-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only lanl:Human s. Make sure that the lanl:Human seen before is not the same lanl:Human currently. Repeat infinitely.”
  • 39. Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 1 0 1 “ Take only lanl:wrote out-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Article . Then take a lanl:wrote in-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only lanl:Human s. Make sure that the lanl:Human seen before is not the same lanl:Human currently. Repeat infinitely.”
  • 40. Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 2 0 1 “ Take only lanl:wrote out-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Article . Then take a lanl:wrote in-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only lanl:Human s. Make sure that the lanl:Human seen before is not the same lanl:Human currently. Repeat infinitely.”
  • 41. Grammar-based PageRank example. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type 2 0 1 “ Take only lanl:wrote out-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Article . Then take a lanl:wrote in-edge to a resource of rdf:type lanl:Human . Increment only lanl:Human s. Make sure that the lanl:Human seen before is not the same lanl:Human currently. Repeat infinitely.”
  • 42. Grammars create implicit relationships. lanl:marko lanl:p1 lanl:wrote lanl:johan lanl:wrote lanl:chuck lanl:hasFriend lanl:Article rdf:type rdf:type lanl:Human rdf:type rdf:type lanl:hasCoauthor
  • 43.
  • 44.