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DC motor speed control
APPLICATION                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Downsized Conveyor   Material Conveyor   Fluid Injection   Material Elevator                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Conveyor Belt   Conveyor System   Bi-Directional   Uni -Directional                          
                                                                                                                                                                   Dual Axis Control   Conveyor with Positioning Sensor   Belt & Pulley                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Conveyor Positioned with CCD Camera   Conveyor w/ Frequent START/STOP   Vertical Conveyor   Showering Application
Multi-Axis Conveyor System Vertical Operation Feeding Materials Rotational Operation Variable Speed Conveyor Applications for Speed Control Systems
Normal method of controlling speed of DC motor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Simple Block Diagram of the Speed Controller
Speed, Supply Voltage Vs. Time
PWM(pulse width modulation) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],When triangle waveform voltage is greater than the DC level, the output of the op-amp swings high, and when it is lower, the output swings low the way it controls the motor by the timing ON and OFF duration that can be control by the user.
Analogy to PWM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Duty cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Duty cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Duty cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PWM(Pulse width modulation) ,[object Object],-use concept ON and OFF signal Duty cycle= t ON /(t ON +t OFF ) x 100% Example: 1) t ON +t OFF =100 % duty cycle=10% means total ON=10% 2) duty cycle=90% means total ON 90% Note: To control speed, when %ON increase, the motor faster
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Speed control circuit 1) When Q1 is ON,Ia will go through La and motor will start to move.At this time La will start to charge and magnetic field exist. 2) When Q1 is OFF after ON, energy in La need to discharge. This is done by discharge through D1. This kind of circuit is for safety so Q1 is not damage by very high voltage or current. -Please refer to Figure 6.9 for full bridge circuit for reverse and forward movement of motor.
Chopper the relatives ON-OFF thyristor determine the average of the motor. -when thyristor is ON,Ia will flow through L and motor will start to move. -when motor is move until around 75% speed of motor,commutating switch will closed. This will caused thyristor off. -when thyristor off after time t1,armature current decline through freewheeling diode as energy stored in a circuit inductance is applied to the armature.
Chopper -motor will slow down(since thyristor OFF),then commutating switch will be open and thyristor ON again. -diode serve a path to maintain the armature current which no longer flow through external circuit. -as the ratio ON/OFF increased,the average motor Vm rises. -This process will be repeated.
Example : Chopper ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example : Chopper ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1)Vave arm=Vsupply x (t1/(t1+t2) = 500x0.2 =100V Note: Vave arm is an average voltage that cause motor to move.InPWM usage,the voltage value to move the motor is lower than Vsupply.This is power saving and security. 2) Voltage time area apply to inductor =(Vsupply-Vaverage)xT ON =(500-100)t1 =400t1
Chopper ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Vo Vo Vm t1 t2 vm (on pulse) Ia ia Vm (i) Waveforms of motor voltage and current at low speed vm (on pulse) ia t1 t2 Ia (ii) Waveforms of motor voltage and current at high speed
PWM Basics ,[object Object],[object Object]

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Chapter 6 edit

  • 1. DC motor speed control
  • 2. APPLICATION                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Downsized Conveyor   Material Conveyor   Fluid Injection   Material Elevator                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Conveyor Belt   Conveyor System   Bi-Directional   Uni -Directional                          
  • 3.                                                                                                                                                                    Dual Axis Control   Conveyor with Positioning Sensor   Belt & Pulley                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Conveyor Positioned with CCD Camera   Conveyor w/ Frequent START/STOP   Vertical Conveyor   Showering Application
  • 4. Multi-Axis Conveyor System Vertical Operation Feeding Materials Rotational Operation Variable Speed Conveyor Applications for Speed Control Systems
  • 5.
  • 6. A Simple Block Diagram of the Speed Controller
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Speed control circuit 1) When Q1 is ON,Ia will go through La and motor will start to move.At this time La will start to charge and magnetic field exist. 2) When Q1 is OFF after ON, energy in La need to discharge. This is done by discharge through D1. This kind of circuit is for safety so Q1 is not damage by very high voltage or current. -Please refer to Figure 6.9 for full bridge circuit for reverse and forward movement of motor.
  • 16. Chopper the relatives ON-OFF thyristor determine the average of the motor. -when thyristor is ON,Ia will flow through L and motor will start to move. -when motor is move until around 75% speed of motor,commutating switch will closed. This will caused thyristor off. -when thyristor off after time t1,armature current decline through freewheeling diode as energy stored in a circuit inductance is applied to the armature.
  • 17. Chopper -motor will slow down(since thyristor OFF),then commutating switch will be open and thyristor ON again. -diode serve a path to maintain the armature current which no longer flow through external circuit. -as the ratio ON/OFF increased,the average motor Vm rises. -This process will be repeated.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Vo Vo Vm t1 t2 vm (on pulse) Ia ia Vm (i) Waveforms of motor voltage and current at low speed vm (on pulse) ia t1 t2 Ia (ii) Waveforms of motor voltage and current at high speed
  • 22.