1. Submitted by
SHANTI KUMARI
Entry no. 2013TTF2771
Course : Theory and practice of textile finishing
(TTL742)

2. Slide 2 of 27
Introduction
• The requirement to render the surface of a number of
products self-cleaning or at least easy-to-clean is an
important general issue in a vast range of
technologies.
• Such a distinguished property would substantially
enhance the utility value of the products and would
improve the environment quality.
• There are several approaches of declaring a surface to
be self cleaning.
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3. Slide 3 of 27
Mechanism of self cleaning
 The Lotus effect
 Photocatalytic coatings
Easy to clean finishing
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4. Slide 4 of 27
The Lotus effect
Papillae
Asperities
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5. Slide 5 of 27
The Lotus effect
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6. Slide 6 of 27
The Lotus effect
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7. Slide 7 of 27
Photocatalytic coatings
CO2
e-
-
e
Conduction band
O2
Organi
c
compo
und
OH
-
h+
Shanti
H2O
BAND GAP
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+
e
Fabric surface coated with TiO2
valence band

8. Slide 8 of 27
Easy to clean finishing
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9. Slide 9 of 27
Manufacturing methods
There are several methods of rendering a textile surface
self cleaning, some of which are :
 Surface roughening
 Photocatalytic coating
 By applying self cleaning finishes
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10. Slide 10 of 27
Surface roughening
For textiles , the most efficient method of surface
roughening is applying silver nano particles onto it.
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11. Slide 11 of 27
Photocatalytic coating
Application of photocatalytic coating involves two
steps :
Preparation of TiO2 sol
Application of TiO2 sol onto the fabric
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12. Acidic water (containing 0.2 %
HCl and 0.2 % acetic acid under
mechanical stirring
Titanium iso propoxide
60 deg for 16
hr with
continuous
stirring
5 times deionized water
1% softener
A
P
P
LI
C
A
TI
O
N
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Fabric
Dipping
TiO2 sol
Padding
Drying
Curing
TiO2 coated fabric
P
R
E
P
A
R
A
T
I
O
N

13. Stain decomposition test with (1) coffee stain , (2) red wine stain (3) curry
stain , (a) controlled sample, (b) treated sample after 0 h, rinsing, 4 h, 10
washing and 20 washing.
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14. Slide 14 of 27
Table : Staining grades of coffee, red wine
and curry stains
Stain grades
0 h Rinsed
4h
10
20
irradiation Washing Washin
g
Stains
Coffee stain
Red
stain
Controlled
cotton
TiO2 treated
cotton
1
2
2
-
-
1
2
5
4.5
3.5
wine Controlled
cotton
TiO2 treated
cotton
1
2
2
-
-
1
2
5
4
3
1
2.5
2.5
-
-
1
2.5
5
4.5
3.5
Curry stain
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Controlled
cotton
TiO2 treated

15. Slide 15 of 27
Easy to clean (ETC) finishes
Easy to clean finishes are actually nano coating of
silicone di oxide.
This innovative water repellent nano-coating for
textiles protects almost any type of textile from water,
dirt, contamination and stains – whilst remaining
totally invisible.
 It will not affect the appearance, its ability to breath,
its colour or handle and is easy to maintain.
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16. Slide 16 of 27
ETC finishes :
Examples of use:
 Clothing
 Household textiles (pillows, furniture), carpets
 Suede/leather
 Paper, cardboard
 Wood
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17. Slide 17 of 27
ETC finishes :
Other properties:
 Food-safe (inert)
 Permanent (UV-stable, very resistant to abrasion)
 Temperature resistant
 Breathable
 Simple application
 Washing and cleaning agent resistant
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18. Slide 18 of 27
Areas of application of self
cleaning finishes
 Medical textiles e.g. Hospital garments
 Sport tech e.g. Athletic wear
 Defense textile e.g. Military uniforms
 Smart textiles
 Upholstery
 Under garments
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19. Some market products with self cleaning Schoeller Nanosphere
de
technology :
ui ots
g
s
m bo
m i ng
Si d 9
wa 9.9
$19
BBl
ack
tou diam
on
rg
$ 39 loves d
.99
con
b re
m
stco
We cargo
9.95
$ 19
a
Manzell
ck
hatchba
$ 29.99
ut
m e
s
nt
am
M trem pa
ex brid 9
hy 99.9
$2
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a
Manzell
hback
hatc
ves
mitt/glo
$ 29.99

20. Slide 20 of 27
Advantages of self cleaning finishes :
Generally speaking easy to clean surfaces are less
susceptible to dirt accumulation.
The benefit: stress free and easy cleaning, saves time
and cost.
Reduces water consumption.
Reduces energy consumption to be involved in
frequent washing.
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21. Limitations of self cleaning
finishes:
Slide 21 of 27
TiO2 nanoparticles increases DNA strand breaks,
frequency of DNA deletion, induces micronuclie,
oxidative DNA damage.
The droplets dry individually, leaving behind dirt
residues although these are easy to remove.
When only a small amount of water is involved,
droplets of run off water can form runaways, It is
therefore necessary to consider where and how the
easy-to-clean function should best be employed.
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22. Slide 22 of 27
Future developments :
Multilayer assembly of TiO2 nano particles and
polyethylene glycol in search of a super hydrophilic
surface without the use of UV irradiation.
Modification of TiO2 in order to achieve visible light
photo catalysis .
Plenty of opportunities lies in this field using nano
finishing , plasma treatment etc.
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23. Slide 23 of 27
Conclusion :
In conclusion, self cleaning is a need of todays
advanced and sustainable growth.
Self cleaning not only benefits us technically but also
economically by saving the energy and water
consumption.
The commercial viability of these finishes will be
customer driven and will depend on the value
addition imparted by these finishes, so the more we
improve more feasible will it be in the textile industry.
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24. References :
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[2] Reiner Furstner , Wilhelm Bartlett, Christoph Neinhuis and Peter
Walzel, “Wetting and Self-Cleaning Properties of Artificial
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[3] Bharat Bhushan , Yong Chae Jung, “Natural and biomimetic artificial
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[4] Jirˇi Rathousky´, Vit Kalousek, Michal Kolarˇ, Jaromir Jirkovsky´, Petr
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[7] M L Gulrajani and Deepti Gupta, “Emerging techniques for functional
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finishing of textiles” Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol.36,

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[9] Shirley Coyle, Yanzhe Wu, King-Tong Lau, Danilo De Rossi, Gordon
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[10] Kaihong Qi, Xiaowen Wang and John H Xin,” Photocatalytic self-cleaning
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[11] Mohammad Shateri-Khalilabad , Mohammad E. Yazdanshenas, Ali
Etemadifar, “Fabricating multifunctional silver nanoparticles-coated cotton
fabric”. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (still in press) (2013).
[12] Deyong Wu , Lianzhi Wang, Xinjian Song , Yuanbin Tan, “ Enhancing the
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40
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[13] Dariakibanova, Javieracervini-silva and Hugodestallats, “Efficiency of ClayTiO2 Nanocomposites on the Photocatalytic Elimination of a Model
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26. [15] Penwisa Pisitsak, Arnon Samootsoot and Nassarin Chokpanich,
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with Nano-TiO2 and Nano-TiO2 Mixed with Fumed Silica”. KKU Res. J.
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[16] J. Kiwi, C. Pulgarin. “ Innovative self-cleaning and bactericide textiles”.
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[18] JavierMarug´an, Paul Christensen, Terry Egerton,2 and Herry Purnama.
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[19] Mohamed Rehan , Andreas Hartwig , Matthias Ott , Linda Gätjen ,
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[20] Nika Veronovski, Andreja Rudolf, Majda Sfiligoj Smole, Tatjana Kreže,
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and Jelka Geršak. “Self-cleaning and Handle Properties of TiO2-

27. [21] Burcin Acar Cakır, Leyla Budama, Onder Topel, Numan Hoda,”Synthesis
of
ZnO nanoparticles using PS-b-PAA reverse micelle cores for UV
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[22] Benedicte Trouiller, Ramune Reliene, Aya Westbrook, Parrisa Solaimani
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[23] S. Parthiban, “Self cleaning garments”, A review paper submitted in PSG
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[24] http://www.nanocare-ag.com/textilien/. As downloaded on 16th
September, (2013).
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28. Slide 28 of 27
Thank you.
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