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PV Curve and Lung Recruitment
1. PV curve and lung recruitment Dr Jean-Michel Arnal Intensive Care Unit. Hôpital Font Pré Toulon France jean-michel@arnal.org
2. Mechanisms of Ventilator Induced Lung Injuries Mechanical Injury Barotrauma and/or volutraumaresulting from lung overdistension Atelectraumaresulting from repeated alveolar recruitment/ derecruitment Inflammatory Injury Biotrauma: alveolar inflammation
3. Prevention of VILI Reduced tidal volume and airway pressure limitation strategy Recruitment strategy: recruitment maneuver + PEEP to avoid derecruitment
4. What do we know about ARDS? Lower tidal volume and airway pressure limitation decreases mortality No effect of PEEP on mortality ARDS network. N Engl J Med 2000 ALVEOLI. Brower. N Engl J Med 2004 EXPRESS. Mercat JAMA 2008 LOVS. Meade. JAMA 2008
6. What do we know about PEEP? PEEP does not recruit Collapse / re-expansion occurs during tidal volume Recruitment of previously collapsed lung with a recruitment maneuver PEEP may avoid collapse and derecruitment in a lung previously expanded/recruited
16. Chest wall complianceAirway pressure is a rough estimate of transpulmonary pressure Talmor. Crit Care Med 2006
17. Assessment of recruitability Early in the management of ARDS When hemodynamic condition is controlled Low flow inflation and deflation PV curve from 0 to 40 cmH2O
26. Decision at the bedside No recruitment maneuver Low PEEP: 5 – 10 cmH2O Recruitment maneuver High PEEP: > 10 cmH2O
27. Definition of a recruitment maneuver Use of a transient increase in transpulmonary pressure to reopen previously collapsed or non aerated lung units.
28. Volume recruited depends on Previous recruitment Transpulmonary inflation pressure Duration PEEP setting after the RM
30. Time = 2,6 s Rothen. BJA 1999 12 anaesthetized patients with healthy lung
31. Optimal duration of the recruitment maneuver = 2,3 ± 1,3 s n = 50 Arnal. Intensive Care Med [submitted]
32. Optimal duration of the recruitment maneuver * * Recruitment maneuver n = 50 Arnal. Intensive Care Med [submitted]
33. Recruitment maneuver at the bedsideConditions Passive patient: deep sedation ± paralysis Stable hemodynamic condition: ΔPP < 13% Cuff over inflated to avoid leaks No contraindications
34. Recruitment maneuver at the bedsideContraindications High intracranial pressure Emphysema Bronchopleural fistula Pregnancy Right heart failure
37. How to set PEEP after recruitment maneuver? Low inflection point on PV curve Deflection point on PV curve Maximum PEEP while limiting Pplat around 28 cmH2O PEEP setting guided by esophageal measurement PEEP setting guided by SpO2 Hickling. AJRCCM 1998 Hickling. AJRCCM 2001 EXPRESS. Mercat JAMA 2008 Talmor. N Engl J Med 2009 Lapinski. Intensive Care Med 1999
38. PEEP setting guided by esophageal pressure Randomized controlled trial 61 ARDS patients Control: ARDSnet PEEP/FiO2 table Intervention: PEEP end-expiration Ppulm 0 - 10 cmH2O Talmor. N Engl J Med 2009
39. PEEP setting guided by esophageal pressure VT = 400 PEEP= 12 FiO2= 60% Ppulmins= 3 Ppulmexp= -6 Talmor. N Engl J Med 2009
40. PEEP setting guided by esophageal pressure VT = 320 PEEP= 24 FiO2= 60% Ppulmins= 12 Ppulmexp= 4 Talmor. N Engl J Med 2009