Year 9 The Human Body - For additional resources visit: http://www.iheartscience.net

1. The Human Body
Sarah Jones
http://funylool.com/holi-festival-colors-india-pictures-funny-pics.html

2. Body Systems
http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/Science-Stories/Our-Senses/Body-systems

3. A body system is a collection of parts able to
work together to serve a common purpose –
growth, reproduction and survival.
Each part of a system depends on the other
parts to perform tasks that can’t be achieved
by single parts acting alone.

4. Each individual system works in conjunction
with other systems to improve our chances of
survival by maintaining a stable internal body
environment. This stable environment is known
as homeostasis. http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/Science-Stories/Our-Senses/Body-systems

5. Respiratory System
• Your body uses the glucose from the food you
digest as a source of energy.
• Glucose reacts with oxygen to produce energy
– this process is called respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

6. The dissolved food and oxygen required for
respiration are carried around the body by the
circulatory system.

7. • When you inhale your body is taking in the
oxygen required for respiration.
• When you exhale your body is removing the
waste product of respiration – carbon dioxide.

8. Circulatory System
• Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Blood
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel

9. • Oxygen that is required for respiration is
transported to the body's cells.
• Carbon dioxide is carried away from the
body's cells.
esccalbe.blogspot.com

10. The Heart

11. Double Circulation
• Left side of the heart pumps oxygen rich
blood to the body.
• Oxygen poor blood travels from the body to the
rights side of the heart.
• The right side pumps the oxygen poor blood to
the lungs.
• Oxygen rich blood returns to the left side of the
heart.
• Called double circulation because during a single
circuit of the body blood passes through the
heart twice.

12. esccalbe.blogspot.com

13. Digestive System

14. http://healthfavo.com/digestive-system-for-kids.html

16. Physical Digestion
Teeth
– Premolars grind soft food
– Molars grind hard food
– Canines bite and tear
– Incisors cut food

17. Chemical Digestion
• Saliva is an enzyme.
• Enzymes speed up reactions.
• Different enzymes
– Carbohydrases digest carbohydrate
– Proteases digest protein
– Lipases digest fats (lipids)
www.bbc.co.uk

18. • Mouth – teeth, tongue and saliva
• Swallow – food moves to the pharynx (back of
the mouth)
• The epiglottis covers the trachea (to the lungs)
• Food travels to stomach – containing hydrochloric
acid (mucus protects stomach lining)
• Large molecules are digested
to produce small soluble
molecules that can be
absorbed by the blood.

19. • Particles travel from the stomach to the small
intestine.
• Gastric juices are very acidic – mucus and bile
stop the acid from damaging the lining of the
small intestine.
• Bile is produced in the liver.
• The liver, gall bladder, pancreas and small
intestine are all important for fat digestion.

20. • The small intestine is where to absorption of
useful molecules occurs.
• The molecule pass across the lining of the
small intestine and enter the blood stream.

21. • The food that enters the
large intestine (colon) is
waste material and
water.
• The blood reabsorbs the
excess water.
• The waste material
passes to the rectum.
• From here the faeces
passes out through the
anus.

22. Nervous System
• The human body is made up of trillions of
cells.
• Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells
or neurons, are specialised to carry
"messages" through an electrochemical
process. The human brain has approximately
100 billion neurons.

23. • Neurons have specialised projections called
dendrites and axons. Dendrites bring
information to the cell body and axons take
information away from the cell body.
• Information from one neuron flows to another
neuron across a synapse.
scientopia.org

24. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg

25. • Communication of information between
neurons is accomplished by the movement of
chemicals across a small gap called the
synapse.
• Chemicals, called neurotransmitters, are
produced at the end of a neuron’s axon. They
carry the impulse across the
synapse to the next neuron.

26. Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord

27. Peripheral Nervous System
From Spinal cord to the rest of your body.
www.eplantscience.com

28. Neuron Types
• Sensory Neurons - Relay messages from
receptor to the brain or spinal cord.
• Motor Neurons - Relay messages from the
brain or spinal cord to muscles and organs.
• Interneuron - Connects the various neurons
within the brain and spinal cord.
http://www.geekyangie.com/2013/03/cells-of-the-central-nervous-system/

29. Excretory System
• The kidney plays a central
role in homeostasis,
forming and excreting
urine while regulating
water and salt
concentration in the
blood.
• It maintains the precise
balance between waste
disposal and an animal's
needs for water and salt.

30. Ammonia, the nitrogenous
waste product from protein
metabolism in cells, is highly
toxic and needs to be
removed as quickly as
possible or converted to a
less harmful form.

31. Aquatic animals, fish and invertebrates mostly
excrete ammonia. Ammonia is toxic, but can be
released continuously (out of respiratory
structures such as gills) and directly into the
water.

32. On land, however, animals need to conserve
water. By converting ammonia into less toxic
forms, they can hold it for longer in the body
and excrete it periodically.
www.nydailynews.com

33. Internal structure of the kidney
• Mammals have two kidneys.
• Each kidney is made up of about one million
small filtering units called nephrons. It is in
these structures that urine is produced.

34. The formation of urine - the kidneys
continuously process an enormous volume of
blood to form a small volume of urine. There are
three processes in the formation of urine:
filtration, reabsorption and secretion.

35. Endocrine System
• Coordinates the body's organs so they are
working together.
• This system is based on the production of
hormones – chemical messengers.
• Hormones are produced by
glands that are located in
different parts of the body.
2012books.lardbucket.org

36. • Hormones are responsible for coordinating
long-term processes such as growth and
sexual development.
• Diabetes results from blood sugar levels being
unregulated.
• Blood sugar is regulated by the hormone
insulin that is produced in the pancreas.