Environmental Management Disaster Management

1. Natural Disasters

2. Natural disasters are changes which are so great
they may cause damage to the shape of the land
or to the lives of people and other living things.
Great changes happen deep inside the Earth and
on its surface. The changes on the outer part of
the Earth happen because of different kinds of
weather.

3. TYPES OF
Natural Disasters
Earthquake
FLOOD
TSUNAMI
Wildfire
CYCLONE

4. EARTHQUAKE
An earthquake is a violent shaking of the ground. Sometimes it
is so strong that the ground splits apart.
When parts of the earth, called plates, move against each
other giant shock waves move upwards towards the surface
causing the earthquake.

5. FloodA flood is caused by an overflow of water which
covers the land that is usually dry.
Floods are caused by heavy rain or by snow
melting and the rivers burst their banks and
overflow.
Costal floods are caused by high tides, a rise in
sea level, storm waves or tsunami (earthquakes
under the sea).

6. Tsunami
 A tsunami is a series of waves, made in an ocean
or other body of water by an earthquake,
landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite impact.
Tsunamis can cause huge destruction when they
hit coastlines.

7. Cyclones
 "Cyclone" is an intense whirl in the
atmosphere with very strong winds
circulating around it in anti-clockwise
direction in the Northern Hemisphere and
in clockwise direction in the Southern
Hemisphere.

8. WildfireThe term “wildfire” is used for uncontrolled fire that
destroys forests and many other types of vegetation,
as well as animal species. In some regions of the world
wildfires are caused by lightning however, nowadays many
fires are caused by people, either accidentally,
as a consequence of carelessness, or arson. These fires
often get out of control and spread very easily over
vast areas. Depending on the type of vegetation or material
being burnt, they are also called: forest fires, bush fires,
grass fires, or peat fires

9. The Sichuan
Earthquake,
China.

10. Effects.
The Sichuan Earthquake caused land slides, roads were torn apart and most buildings
collapsed. Submerged under the mud slides were hundreds of vehicles, with mostly
workers trapped inside. Most of them died, as the mudslides made the Chinese army
unable to get to them. Schools were destroyed, with kids still inside with the poor quality of
buildings being to blame for the child death toll.
About 800000 people were death due to earthquake
Mudslide near the epicentre of the
earthquake.

11. Case Study: Gujarat
2001 Earthquake
 A Powerful Earthquake of magnitude 6.9 on Richter-Scale rocked the Western
Indian State of Gujarat on the 26th of January, 2001
 It caused extensive damage to life & property. The epicenter of the quake was
located at 23.6 north Latitude and 69.8 east Longitude, about 20 km Northeast
of Bhuj Town of the Kutch district in Western Gujarat. 25 districts of the state
was affected in this quake. Around 18 towns, 182 talukas and 7904 villages in
the affected districts have seen large-scale devastation.
 The affected areas even spread up to 300 km from the epicentre. In the Kutch
District, four major urban areas – Bhuj, Anjar, Bachau and Rapar suffered near
total destruction.
 The rural areas in the region are also very badly affected with over 450
villages almost totally destroyed.
 In addition, wide spread damages also occurred in Rajkot, Jamnagar,
Surendranagar, Patan and Ahmedabad districts.
 Other Urban areas such as Ganhidham, Morvi, Rajkot and Jamnagar have
also suffered damage to major structures, infrastructure and industrial
facilities. Ahmedabad the capital was also severely affected.

12. CASE STUDY:3
 The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea
megathrust earthquake that occurred on December
26, 2004, with an epicentre off the west coast of
Sumatra, Indonesia.
 The earthquake was caused by subduction and a
devastating tsunami along the coasts of most
landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing nearly
230,000 people in eleven countries, and the avrage
height of tsunami was recorded 5-10meters max. It
was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded
history. India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand were
the hardest hit.
 373 villages of Kanyakumari were effected.
 About 7000 people lost their lives in South region of
India

13. CASE STUDY 4
TSUNAMI IN JAPAN
 Friday afternoon, on 11 March
 A tsunami was sent crashing into the country’s
north-eastern coast.
 A tsunami measured at anywhere at 7.3 meters hit
at various places along the coast, while a 10-meter
tsunami was seen at the port in Sendai.
 Two nuclear plants on the Pacific coast in
Fukushima were automatically shut down.
 Radiation releases caused large evacuations,
concern over food and water supplies, and
treatment of nuclear workers.

14.  The situation has been further compounded by numerous
aftershocks.
 20,000 people confirmed dead
 10,000 more people expected to dead
 20,000 people injured
 530,000 people displaced, staying in 2,500 evacuation centres,
such as schools and public halls
 24,000 people still completely isolated and cannot be reached
 1.2 million homes without power
 1.4 million homes without water
 4,700 destroyed houses
 50,000 damaged houses
 582 roads cut off
 32 bridges destroyed

15. Case study 5
On 26 July 2005
 Mumbai Metropolitan Region was struck with a heavy rains.The Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD) station in Santacruz had recorded
94.4 cm of rain.
 Local train movement came to a halt by 2:30 p.m. due to the water
logging on the tracks, due to which, vehicles traffic intensity on roads
increased. Water logging and submergence of certain low lying pockets
of the region such as Dharavi, Bandra-Kurla Complex, Chunabhatti,
Chembur, Ghatkopar, Milan Subway and Sion either slowed down
traffic, or in some areas, brought it to a grinding halt.
 BEST buses services were stopped in the evening.
 The Powai Lake had started overflowing at 4 p.m. and discharged 5.95
million cubic meters of water into the Mithi River.
 Thousands of school children were stranded due to flooding and could
not reach home for up to 24 hours. The following two days were
declared as school and college holidays by the state government.

16.  Thousands of animal carcasses floated in the flood waters, raising concerns
about the possibility of disease.
 52 local trains damaged
 37,000 autorickshaws spoiled
 4,000 taxis damaged
 900 BEST buses damaged
 10,000 trucks and tempos were damaged.

17. The Effects
of the
Bangladesh
Floods July
2004.

18. About 60% of
the capital city
Dhaka has gone
under dirty
floodwaters
polluted with
sewage,
exposing 5
million people to
serious health
hazards.

19. At least 100 more people are being reported killed in Bangladesh
floods, taking the death toll from three weeks of devastation to
almost 400 in the country, and over 1,100 in South Asia.
Bangladeshi officials say new deaths were reported from across the
country as a result of drowning, disease, snakebites and house
collapses.
Early reports

20. Effects
 Total affected districts:39
 Reported death:628
 Houses destroyed:858,202
 Houses damaged:3159235
 School destroyed:1225
 School damaged:23439

21. More than 2,000,000 acres of agricultural land have been
submerged and countless crops ruined.

22. Case study 7
A CYCLONE IN CALCUTTA.
The oldest and the worst cyclone
was record in the month October
1737 that had hit Calcutta and
took a toll of 30,000 lives in the
region. It was accompanied by a
12 meter high cyclone.

23. Case study 8
• Bangladesh Cyclone in the month of November 1970 which
crossed Bangladesh coast in the night was one of the worst in
recent times, with storm surges of 4 to 5 meters height at the
time of high tides, and with 25 cm of rain in the some area. It
was found that about 20,000 people lost their lives.