1. ASSIGNMENT OF
ORM
Submitted To:
P rof. H.Rehman
Submitted By:
SANA KHALID L1F09MBAM0035
Section: “A”
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB

2. Model
Model is simplified representation of relevant entities of some specific reality and their
characteristics.
In general model can be classified as follows:
 Iconic models
 Analogue models
 Symbolic models
1. Iconic Model
Iconic Model is representation of some specific entity.
Classification
Iconic Models can be represented in:
- Two Dimensions
Example: drawings, photos etc.
- Three Dimensions:
Example: scale model
2. Analogue Model
Analogue Model uses a set of properties to represent the properties of real life system.
Example:
Through diagrams
Classification
An Analogue Model can be built through:
- Two Dimensional Visualization:
Charts, Graphs, Diagrams
- Three Dimensional Visualization:
Analogue Devices

3. 3. Symbolic Model
Symbolic Model is representation of entities of a system through symbols.
Symbols can be:
- mathematical
- logical
- computer programs
Deterministic Model
Model which provides a close-form solution to a problem and it does not contain element
of probability. Deterministic models involve optimization.
Examples
Linear programming, non linear programming, network optimization, dynamic
programming
Stochastic Model
This model contains the element of probability.
Examples:
Queuing theory, stochastic processes, reliability theory, and stimulation techniques.