For use of my students. all information are copied from the internet. wikipedia.org

1. CONFUCIANISM TAOISM (based on Dao way)
Founder CONFUCIUS / kung-fu-tzu / master Kong Lao Tzu
God/ Creator NONE None (but believes in Dao)
Place of Origin China China
Holy books or important text ANALECTS Tao Te China
(writings of Lao Tzu)
The book of Confucius or the Confucian
canon
Beliefs and Practices *REN *Harmony with Tao (Dao) or
*ETIQUETTE nature/natural word thru Meditation
*LOYALTY •3 Jewels of the Tao
*FILIAL PIETY & Other relations A.) COMPASSION -the humane quality of
*Gentlemanliness understanding the suffering of others and
wanting to do something about it
B.) MODERATION - quality of being
moderate and avoiding extremes
C.) HUMILITY the state or quality of being
humble; freedom from pride and
arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest
estimate of one's own worth; a sense of
one's own unworthiness
through imperfection and sinfulness; self-
abasement;humblenes.
* YIN AND YANG (passive and active force)
Present in which countries? KOREA JAPAN VIETNAM VIETNAM CAMBODIA CHINA KOREA JAPAN
(About 5-6 M)

2. • The Lun-yü (Analects) are the most revered
sacred scripture in the Confucian tradition. It
was probably compiled by the second
generation of Confucius' disciples. Based
primarily on the Master's sayings, preserved in
both oral and written transmissions, it captures
the Confucian spirit in the same way that the
Platonic dialogues embody Socratic teachings.

3. • The Confucian Canon achieved its present form in the Sung
dynasty under the direction of Chu Hsi (1130-1200). It
consists of the Five Classics and the Four Books.
• The Five Classics are:
• Shu Ching (Classic of History) - collection of documents and
speeches dating from the Later Han Dynasty (23-220 CE)
• Shih Ching (Classic of Odes) - collection of 300 poems and
songs from the early Chou Dynasty (1027-402 BC)
• I Ching (Classic of Changes) - collection of texts on divination
based on a set of 64 hexagrams that reflect the relationship
between Yin and Yang in nature and society
• Ch'un Ching (Spring and Autumn Annals) - extracts from the
history of the state of Lu 722-484, said to be compiled by
Confucius
• Li Ching (Classic of Rites) - consists of three books on the Li
(Rites of Propriety)

4. • The Four Books are:
• Lun Yu (Analects) of Confucius
• Chung Yung (Doctrine of the Mean)
• Ta Hsueh (Great Learning)
• Meng Tzu (Mencius)

5. To sum up his life
“At 15 I set my heart on learning;
at 30 I firmly took my stand;
at 40 I had no delusions;
at 50 I knew the Mandate of Heaven;
at 60 my ear was attuned;
at 70 I followed my heart's desire without
overstepping the boundaries of right”.

6. • Ren
• Ren is one of the basic virtues promoted by
Confucius, and is an obligation of altruism and
humaneness for other individuals within a
community. It is best expressed in the Confucian
version of the Ethic of reciprocity, or the Golden
Rule: "do not do unto others what you would
not have them do unto you.“
• Etiquette
• conventional requirements as to social behavior
;proprieties of conduct as established in any clas
sor community or for any occasion.

7. • Loyalty
• Loyalty is particularly relevant for the social class to
which most of Confucius' students belonged,
because the only way for an ambitious young
scholar to make his way in the Confucian Chinese
world was to enter a ruler's civil service. In later
ages, however, emphasis was placed more on the
obligations of the ruled to the ruler, and less on the
ruler's obligations to the ruled.
• Loyalty was also an extension of one's duties to
friends, family, and spouse. Loyalty to one's family
came first, then to one's spouse, then to one's
ruler, and lastly to one's friends. Loyalty was
considered one of the greater human virtues.

8. • Filial piety
• "Filial piety" is considered among the greatest of
virtues and must be shown towards both the living
and the dead (including even remote ancestors).
The term "filial" (meaning "of a child")
characterizes the respect that a child, originally a
son, should show to his parents. This relationship
was extended by analogy to a series of five
relationships.
• The Five Bonds
• Ruler to Ruled
• Father to Son
• Husband to Wife
• Elder Brother to Younger Brother
• Friend to Friend.

9. • The gentleman
• Confucianism exhorts all people to strive for the
ideal of a "gentleman" or "perfect man". A
succinct description of the "perfect man" is one
who "combines the qualities of saint, scholar,
and gentleman." In modern times the masculine
translation in English is also traditional and is
still frequently used. Elitism was bound up with
the concept, and gentlemen were expected to
act as moral guides to the rest of society.

10. TAOISM
Laozi (Chinese: 老子; pinyin: Lǎozǐ; Wade–Giles: Lao
Tzu; also romanized as Lao Tse, Lao Tu, Lao-
Tsu, Laotze, Laosi, Laocius, and other variations)
was a philosopher of ancient China, best known as
the author of the Tao Te Ching (often simply
referred to asLaozi).[1] His association with the Tao
Te Ching has led him to be traditionally considered
the founder of philosophical Taoism(pronounced as
"Daoism"). He is also revered as a deity in most
religious forms of Taoist philosophy, which often
refers to Laozi asTaishang Laojun, or "One of
the Three Pure Ones".

11. The Tao Te Ching, often called simply Laozi after
its reputed author, describes the Dao (or Tao) as
the source and ideal of all existence: it is
unseen, but not transcendent, immensely
powerful yet supremely humble, being the root
of all things.

12. SIKHISM
Founder Guru Nanak Dev
God/ Creator None (in form but there is “EK ONKAR”
(one God)
Place of Origin India
Holy books or important text Teaching of 10 Gurus
Guru Granth Sahib Ji
Beliefs and Practices *Sant – Sipahi (saint soldier)
-control of self and defend the oppressed
*worship in GURDWARA
*LANGAR
*Prohibitions of
Cutting hair
Intoxication
Worthless talk etc.
Present in which countries? INDIA PAKISTAN (over 25 M – 5th Largest)

13. • Guru Nanak [1] (Punjabi: Hindi:
Urdu: [ ɡʊɾu ˈ nɑnək] Gurū Nānak)
(15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539) was the
founder of the religion of Sikhism and the first of
the ten Sikh Gurus.
• The Sikh Gurus established Sikhism from over the
centuries beginning in the year 1469. Sikhism was
founded by the first guru, Guru Nanak, and
subsequently, all in order were referred to as
"Nanak", and as "Lights", making their teachings in
the holy scriptures, equivalent. There are a total of
11 gurus, of which the current, and everlasting,
Sikh Guru is the integrated Sikh scriptures known as
the Adi Granth or, Siri Guru Granth Sahib.

14. • Ik stands for the Gurmukhi numeral "One".
• On is a combination or O and An stands for
"Everything".
• Kar is inferred and stands for "Creator".
• Sant Sipahi stands for the Sikh concept of "Warrior
Saint". The two words 'Sant' and 'Sipahi' can be
translated as:
• Sant is used to refer to a wise, knowledgeable and
Dharmic person or a "person with knowledge of
God". Sometimes it is naively translated as "Saint".
• Sipahi means Warrior or Soldier.

15. • The first word in this phrase is "Sant" and so this
has domination and means that the first duty of the
Sikh is to be a "Sant" or to be a wise and
knowledgeable person.
• The second word in the phrase is "Sapahi". So this
"Sant" should also be a soldier able to fight and
engage in warfare. A Sikh who cannot fight cannot
be a "Sant-Sapahi" and would be lacking in the
required qualities. So the second duty of a Sikh is to
be able and ready to fight for a worthy cause and
for the protection of righteousness and the weak.
So the idea for being a warrior is to protect and
defend the weak and oneself from any tyrants and
bullies. Sikhs are taught to be kind as well as
fearless.

16. • The essential feature of a gurdwara is the
presiding presence in it of the holy Sikh
Scripture, called the Guru Granth Sahib also
referred to as Satguru.

17. • The Langar or free kitchen was started by the first Sikh
Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji. It is designed to uphold the
principle ofequality between all people of the world
regardless of religion, caste, colour, creed, age, gender
or social status. In addition to the ideals of equality,
the tradition of Langar expresses the ethics of sharing,
community, inclusiveness and oneness of all
umankind. "..the Light of God is in all hearts." 282