1. Kartikeya Pandey
Faculty of management studies
UPES
500021353

2. South Africa
 At the southern tip of Africa.
 Has 9 provinces and has 2,798 kilometres
(1,739 mi) of coastline.
 25th largest country in the world by area
 24th most populous country with over 48
million people.
 multi-ethnic nation
 On 31 May 1961 it became a republic.

3. Facts
 ranked as an upper-middle income
economy by the World bank.
 the largest economy in Africa & 28th-
largest in the world.
 South Africa has the 5th highest per
capita income in Africa.
 newly industrialized country
 quarter of the population is
unemployed and lives on less than $ 1.25
a day.

5. Infrastructure
Unbundling
This term means the rate at which the
diversification in the infrastructure &
its rate since a particular time to
present.

6. Infrastructure in South
Africa
 Energy
 Transport
 Telecommunications
 Water
 Funding

7. Energy
 Petroleum
 Natural Gas
 Electricity
 Coal
 Renewable alternatives
 Nuclear

8.  The Department of Energy's Hydrocarbons
and Energy Planning Branch is responsible for
 Coal
 Gas
 Liquid fuels
 energy efficiency
 renewable energy
 energy planning
 the energy database.
The liquid fuels industry was licensed in 2005
for the first time

9. Petroleum
 Crude Oil: 16.93%
 Oil Product Exports: 0.03%
 The Petroleum, Oil and Gas Corporation of
South Africa (PetroSA)
 has the monopoly on the oil, fuels and
natural gas sectors
 South African fuels and chemicals company,
SASOL
 SASOL has the monopoly on the Coal-to-
Liquid sector in South Africa.

10. Petrol Prices

11. PetroSA
 The Petroleum, Oil and Gas Corporation of
South Africa (PetroSA) manages the
country's commercial assets in the
petroleum industry, including the world's
largest commercial gas-to-liquids plant at
Mossel Bay in the Western Cape.

12. Sasol
 Sasol, the biggest local company listed on South
African stock market the JSE,
 produces synthetic fuels from low-grade coal and a from natural
gas.
 It operates the world's only coal-based synthetic fuels facility
produces 36% of liquid fuels consumed in South Africa.
 Produces automotive fuels for consumers, premium fuels and
lubricants for industry, jet fuel, fuel alcohol and illuminating
kerosene.
 It also converts natural gas to more environmentally friendly
fuels and chemicals.
 The company has a gas-to-liquids partnership in
Nigeria
 a cross-border pipeline linking the natural gas
fields in Mozambique to Sasol's gas conversion
plant at Secunda in South Africa's Mpumalanga
province.

13. O & G Sector While South Africa's own deposits of oil,are small,
its refining and downstream oil sector is developing fast.
 The country has been positioning itself to supply services
including
 design
 Engineering fabrication
 Logistics
 shipping - to the growing west African oil and gas industry.
 Cape Town harbour's infrastructure is well suited for oil
rig repair and maintenance and construction
 Saldanha Bay, situated about 60 nautical miles north-
west of Cape Town, is the deepest and largest natural
port in southern Africa. Saldanha Bay was made in late
2007.
 The R284-million (approximately US$40-million), 220
000 square metre fabrication centre, built by German
manufacturing company MAN Ferrostaal, will drastically
reduce the lead and towing times for platforms used
which until now had to be built and brought in from
Europe, the Middle East, the US and south-east Asia.

14.  The National Energy Regulator of South Africa
(NERSA) is the regulatory authority established
in terms of the National Energy Regulator Act, in
2004
 The South African Petroleum Industry Association
(SAPIA) is the voice of the petroleum industry in
South Africa. It represents the collectives
interests of its members which are BP Southern
Africa (Pty) Ltd, Chevron South Africa (Pty)
Ltd, Engen Petroleum Limited, PetroSA (Pty)
Ltd, Sasol Limited, Shell SA (Pty) Ltd and Total
South Africa (Pty) Ltd.

15. Natural Gas
 Major objectives in fulfilment of energy
objective of the White Paper on Energy
Policy.
 The Department of Minerals and Energy has
formulated:
 The Gas Act 2001, Act 48 of 2001 and the
Government / Sasol regulatory agreement
referred to in section 36 of the Act, which
aims to
 Promote the orderly development of the piped gas
industry;
 Establish a national regulatory framework; and
 Establish a National Gas Regulator as the custodian and
enforcer of the national regulatory framework

16. Role Players
 iGas is the official state agency for the development of
the hydrocarbon gas industry in Southern Africa.
 PetroSA; the government-owned oil and gas company
has been given the mandate by cabinet to lead
developments in gas infrastructure in the Western
Cape.
 Petroleum Agency of South Africa has the
responsibility to promote the exploration and
exploitation of natural oil and gas, both onshore and
offshore, in South Africa and to undertake the
necessary marketing, promotion and monitoring of
operations.
 Petronet owns, operates, manages and maintains a
network of 3 000km of high-pressure petroleum and
gas pipelines, on behalf of the South African
government.

17. Electricity
 South Africa supplies two-thirds of Africa's
electricity and is one of the four cheapest
electricity producers in the world.
 90 percent of South Africa's electricity is
generated in coal-fired power stations.
 Koeberg is a nuclear station near Cape
Town, provides about 5 percent of
capacity. A further 5 percent is provided
by hydroelectric and pumped storage
schemes. In South Africa there are few, if
any, new economic hydro sites.

18. Eskom
 national wholly state-owned utility, which
also owns and operates the national
electricity grid.
 supplies about 95 percent of South
Africa's electricity.
 the utility is among the top seven in
generating capacity, among the top nine
in terms of sales, and has one of the
world's biggest dry-cooled power stations:
Matimba Power Station.

19. ESCOM Profile
 45% of the electricity used in Africa.Generates,
transmits and distributes electricity to industrial,
mining, commercial, agricultural and residential
customers and redistributors.
 Eskom buys electricity from and sells electricity
to the countries of the Southern African
Development Community (SADC). The future
involvement in African markets outside South
Africa (that is the SADC countries connected to
the South African grid and the rest of Africa) is
limited to those projects that have a direct
impact on ensuring security of supply for South
Africa.

20. Taking back ESCOM
 Eskom was converted into a public
company on 1 July 2002. It is financed by
net financial market liabilities and assets
as well as reserves. While Eskom does not
have exclusive generation rights, it has a
practical monopoly on bulk electricity. It
also operates the integrated national high-
voltage transmission system and supplies
electricity directly to large consumers such
as mines, mineral benefactors and other
large industries.

21.  Between January 2003 and January 2004, South Africa
increased its electricity output by 7.1 percent, with a peak
demand of 34 195MW on 13 July 2004, as opposed to the
31 928MW peak in 2003. Of the new capacity to be built,
Eskom will target about 70 percent (in MW), with the
balance from independent power producers (IPPs).
 Due to a sharp increase in the demand for electricity, the
Eskom Board of Directors took a final decision in 2003 for
the return to service of the three power stations, Camden
in Ermelo, Grootvlei in Balfour and Komati between
Middelburg and Bethal, that were mothballed in the late
1980s and early 1990s. Unit 6 at Camden Power Station
was then identified as the first unit to be commissioned.
Another two units will be commissioned in 2006, three
units in 2007 and the last of the eight units in 2008.

22. NERSA
 national energy regulator of south africa
 The National Electricity Regulator (NER) was
the regulatory authority that presided over
the electricity supply industry (ESI) in South
Africa. In November 2005, the
NERSA replaced the NER.
 NERSA is responsible for regulating the price
of pipeline gas and petroleum, reducing
monopoly in the energy sector, improving
competition and boosting economic growth.

23.  NERSA, established in terms of the National Energy
Regulator Act of 2004, is mandated to regulate South
Africa's electricity, piped gas and petroleum industries
and to collect levies from people holding title to gas
and petroleum.
 The idea behind a single regulator for the three
industries was to improve efficiency and cut costs. It
is also expected to boost private sector participation
in the energy sector.
 As an economic regulator, NERSA will ensure a level
playing field and prevent abuse by monopolies. While
legislation exists to govern the gas and petroleum
pipeline industries, they were previously not subject
to control by a regulatory body.
 The regulator is important as it will encourage greater
access and competition in a sector dominated by
single major players: Eskom in electricity, Petronet in
petroleum and Sasol in gas.

24.  NERSA's functions include issuing licences,
setting and approving tariffs and charges,
mediating disputes, gathering information
pertaining to gas and petroleum pipelines,
and promoting the optimal use of gas
resources.

25. Independent power
producers
 In 2003, Cabinet approved private-sector participation in
the electricity industry and decided that future power
generation capacity will be divided between Eskom (70
percent) and independent power producers, or IPPs (30
percent).
The Department of Energy was mandated with the
responsibility of ensuring private-sector participation in
power generation through a competitive bidding process
and that diversified primary energy sources be developed
within the electricity sector without hindrance.
A power generation investment plan was drawn up to take
into account this 30 percent private-sector participation in
power generation. The planning and development of
transmission systems will be undertaken by the
transmission company, subject to the government's policy
guidelines.

26.  During 2003, Eskom implemented a revised business
model to prepare for capacity requirements and the
impending restructuring by splitting its business into
regulated and non-regulated divisions. Eskom's core
business, its strategic support businesses, and target
markets were reviewed and agreed on. The generation
division will continue to be part of Eskom.
In 2003, the power stations in the division were paired
together to form clusters to prepare the generation
sector for flexibility to accommodate different options in a
changing electricity supply industry (ESI). The
transmission division takes responsibility for the
electricity grid. Worldwide transmission is a natural
monopoly.

27.  In 2003, the power stations in the division were paired
together to form clusters to prepare the generation sector for
flexibility to accommodate different options in a changing
electricity supply industry (ESI). The transmission division
takes responsibility for the electricity grid. Worldwide
transmission is a natural monopoly.
In South Africa, an efficient regulatory body must be
established that will grant all players access to the grid. For
example, customers could buy from sources other than
Eskom, such as the Southern African Development
Community (SADC) electricity pool or IPPs, but still use the
same transmission infrastructure to have power delivered to
them.
The government's policy on the Electricity Distribution
Industry (EDI) requires the division to be separated from
Eskom and merged with the electricity departments of
municipalities to form a number of financially viable regional
electricity distributors (REDs). An interim body, called EDI
Holdings Company, is overseeing the transition period.

28. Electricity policy
 In December 1998, government released the White Paper
on Energy Policy, which sets out its policy objectives for the
entire energy sector.
 These objectives are to increase access to affordable
energy services, improve energy governance, stimulate
economic development, manage energy-related
environmental impacts and secure energy supplies through
diversity.
 Restructuring aims to improve the quality of life of all South
Africans and to increase economic growth and redeploy
assets. To ensure non-discriminatory and open access to
transmission lines, and taking into consideration the
financial stability of Eskom, government, in the medium
term, is to establish a separate state-owned transmission
company.

29. southern african power
pool
 The SAPP, or Southern African Power
Pool, is the first formal international
power pool in Africa. It was created with
the primary aim of providing reliable and
economical electricity supply to the
consumers of each of the SAPP members,
consistent with the reasonable utilisation
of natural resources and the effect on the
environment.

30. The objectives of the SAPP
are
 Co-ordinate and co-operate in the planning and operation of
electricity power systems to minimise costs, while maintaining
reliability, autonomy and self-sufficiency;
 Increase interconnectivity between SADC countries to increase
the reliability of power supplies;
 Harmonise relationships between member utilities and facilitation
of cross-border electricity trading;
 Provide a forum for the development of a world-
class, robust, safe, efficient, reliable and stable interconnected
electrical system in the southern African region;
 Co-ordinate and enforce common regional standards of quality of
supply, measurement and monitoring of systems performance;
 Facilitate the development of regional expertise through training
programmes and research;
 Increase power accessibility in rural communities;
 Implement strategies in support of sustainable development
priorities; and
 Recover costs of operations and equitably share
benefits, including reductions in generating capacity and fuel
costs, and improving use of hydroelectric energy.

31. major challenges
 Lack of infrastucture to deliver electricity
 Lack of maintenance of infrastructure;Limited
funds fo finance new investments
 Insufficient generation - running out of excess
capacity by 2007
 High losses.

32. utilities of SAPP
members
 Mozambique (Electricidade de Mozambique, HCB,
Motraco);
 Botswana (Botswana Power Co-operation);
 Malawi (Electricity Supply Commission of
Malawi);
 Angola (Empresa National de Electricidade);
 South Africa (Eskom);
 Lesotho (Lesotho Electricity Corporation);
 Namibia (Nam Power);
 DRC (Societe National d' Electricite);
 Swaziland (Swaziland Electricity Board);
 Tanzania (Tanzania Electric Supply Company);
 Zambia (Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation);
 Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe Electricity Supply
Authority).

33. Coal
 77 percent of South Africa's primary energy
needs are provided by coal
 large coal-mining industry has developed.
 28 percent of South Africa's production is
exported
 South Africa the fourth-largest coal exporting
country in the world.
 Many of the deposits can be exploited at
extremely favourable costs and, as a
result, a large coal-mining industry has
developed.

34.  the Bredell report estimated South
Africa's coal reserves as 55-billion tonnes
and 115 billion tonnes of resources) is
based on the Bredell report of 1987. The
study to ascertain the amount of coal
reserves and resources in South Africa is
in progress.
 51 percent of South African coal mining is
done underground and about 49 percent
is produced by open-cast methods

35.  The coal-mining industry is highly
concentrated with five companies accounting
for 85 percent of saleable coal production.
These companies are:
. Ingwe Collieries Limited, a BHP
Billiton subsidiary;
. Anglo Coal;
. Sasol;
. Eyesizwe; and
. Kumba Resources Limited, accounting for
85 percent of the saleable coal production.

36.  About 21 percent of the run-of-mine coal
produced is exported, and 21 percent is used
locally (excluding power-station coal). The rest is
not saleable and is discarded.
The remainder of South Africa's coal production
feeds the various local industries:
. 62 percent is used for electricity generation;
. 23 percent for petrochemical industries
(Sasol);
. 8 percent for general industry;
. 4 percent for the metallurgical industry (Mittal);
and
. 4 percent is purchased by merchants and sold
locally or exported.

37. Renewable Energy
 The target:
 Add about 1.667MW new renewable energy
capacity, with a net impact on GDP as high as
R1.071-billion a year;
 Create additional government revenue of R299-
million;
 Stimulate additional income that will flow to low-
income households by as much as R128-million,
creating just over 20 000 new jobs;
 Contribute to water savings of 16.5-million
kilolitres, which translates into a R26.6-million
saving.

38.  The DoE has strengthened international
relationships in this area via partnerships
established during the World Summit on
Sustainable Development.
 Global Village Energy Partnership and the
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Partnership

39.  10 000GWh is the 2013 target into
perspective, this would be equivalent to
electrifying approximately two million
households having an annual electricity
consumption of 5 000 kWh.
 Technologies include:
 Sugar-cane bagasse (the fibre that comes from
crushing the sugar cane) for cogeneration;
 Landfill gas extraction;
 Mini-hydroelectric schemes;
 Commercial and domestic solar water heaters

40. Nuclear energy
 The mandate of the Department of Energy
is to administer all matters related to
nuclear energy as required by legislation
and international agreements.
 three key activities
 Nuclear Safety
 Nuclear Technology
 Nuclear Non-Proliferation

41. NECSA
 Necsa is also responsible for the following
institutional obligations on behalf of the
state:
 Decommissioning and decontamination of past
strategic nuclear facilities
 Management of nuclear waste disposal on a
national basis
 Application of radiation technology for scientific
and medical purposes
 Operation of the Pelindaba site and accompanying
services;
 Execution of the safeguards function

42.  The implementation of the Nuclear Energy
Policy of 2008 is a key mission of the
Department of Energy. The policy provides a
framework within which prospecting, mining,
milling and use of nuclear materials as well as
the development and utilisation of nuclear
energy for peaceful purposes shall take place.
 South Africa is a member of INPRO together
with 21 other countries. The objective of
INPRO is to support the safe, sustainable,
economic and proliferation-resistant use of
nuclear technology to meet the global energy
needs of the 21st century

43. Transport
 The Department of Transport is
responsible for regulation of
Transportation in South Africa, that is,
public transport, rail transportation, civil
aviation, shipping, freight and motor
vehicles.

44. Public entities
 RAF (road accident fund)
 The south african national road agency
limited
 ACSA (airport company south Africa)
 South African Airport Athuority
 Road traffic management corporation
 SAMSA (south African maritime shipping
safety Athourity
 ATNS (Air traffic navigation System)
 Ports regulator of south Africa
 Passenger rail agency of south Africa
 Railway safety Regulator
 Cross border road transport Agency

45. RAF (road accident fund)
 Is the funds set up by the South african
government for the relief of the citizens
under the road Accidents
 responsible for providing​ appropriate
cover to all road users within the borders
of South Africa; rehabilitating and
compensating persons injured as a result
of motor vehicles in a timely and caring
manner

46.  Prior to 1997, the system of compulsory
motor vehicle accident insurance was
governed by the following legislation:
 Motor Vehicle Insurance Act, 1942 (Act
No. 29 of 1942)
 Compulsory Motor Vehicle Insurance
Act, 1972 (Act No. 56 of 1972);
 Motor Vehicle Accident Act, 1986 (Act No.
84 of 1986); and
 Multilateral Motor Vehicle Accidents Fund
Act, 1989 (Act No. 93 of 1989)

47.  compulsory social insurance cover to all
users of South African roads
 levy on fuel used for road transportation
 social insurance cover, does not extend
to drivers that are found to be negligent
 owned by the South African public
 listed as a national public entity

48. Governance

49. SANRAL
 The south african national road agency
limited
 Incharge of tolls
 New projects
 Existing roads
 Road taxes
 Incharge of social economic developments
of roads
 Road network management
 Incharge of national highways

50. ACSA (airport company
south Africa)
 South Africa’s airports were owned and
operated by the state until 23 July 1993,
when ACSA was officially established and
nine airports were transferred to the
company. ACSA's sole shareholder from
then until partial privatisation was the
state, through the Ministry of Transport.

51.  majority owned by the South African
Government, through the Department of
Transport, the Company is legally and
financially autonomous and operates under
commercial law.
 Sets standards of the Airports by Airports
Council International’s (ACI) Airport Service
Quality Programme.
 ACSA was formed to own and operate the
nine principal South African airports,
including the three main international
gateways of O.R. Tambo, Cape Town and
King Shaka International Airports

52.  Promotes tourism
 ACSA’s revenue is generated from
aeronautical and non-aeronautical sources.
The former is derived from government-
regulated charges, or tariffs, paid by airlines
and includes fees for aircraft landing, aircraft
parking and a passenger service charge. Non-
aeronautical income is derived from multiple
sources that include retail sales, concession
fees, property leases, parking fees, hotel
operations, advertising and revenues from
our involvement in international activities.
 Same as India.

53. RMTC
 partnership between national, provincial and local
sphere of government.
 enhance the overall quality of road traffic services
provision, and in particular ensure
safety, security, order, discipline and mobility on the
roads
 protect road infrastructure and the environment
through the adoption and implementation of
innovative technology
 phase out, where appropriate, public finding and
phase in private sector investment in road traffic
matters on a competitive basis
 introduce commercial management principles to
inform and guide road traffic governance and decision
making in the interest of enhanced service provision

54.  optimise the utilisation of public funds
 regulate, strengthen and monitor inter-
governmental contact and co-operation in
road traffic matters
 improve the exchange and dissemination of
information and road traffic matters
 stimulate research in road traffic matters and
effectively utilise the resources of existing
institutes and research bodies
 develop human resources in the public and
private sectors that are involved in road
traffic matters

55. SAMSA
 promote South Africa's maritime interests and
development and position the country
 Participating in the development and implementation
of national and international maritime safety and
marine environment protection standards;
 Enforcing technical and operational standards for all
shipping operations in South African waters and for
South African ships anywhere, to promote responsible
operations in terms of seaworthiness, safety and
pollution prevention
 Enforcing training standards and competency of
seafarers
 Managing the national capability to respond to marine
pollution incidents and other maritime emergencies
 Operating the Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre
to coordinate maritime assistance services and to
detect, and coordinate the location and rescue

56.  provision of maritime distress and safety
communications services to discharge South
 Administering South Africa's voluntary ship
reporting system (SAFREP) for identifying and
tracking ships at sea for safety purposes and
to provide a ships' database for responding to
marine emergencies
 Investigating maritime casualties
 Delivering related services including:
 Public awareness and education in marine safety and
pollution prevention;
 Administration of South Africa's ship registration system
 Publication of, and access to, ship safety and
environmental standards

57. Main Objectives
 SAMSA delivers four main outputs
consistent with its mandate and
responsibilities:
 Safety and environment protection standards for
responsible maritime transport operations;
 An infrastructure for monitoring and enforcing
compliance with safety and environment
protection standards;
 The capability to respond to marine pollution
incidents and other maritime emergencies; and
 The capability to detect, locate and rescue people
in maritime distress situations.

58. Air traffic & navigation
services
 ATNS is responsible for air traffic control in
approximately 10% of the world’s airspace
 The supply of aeronautical information services,
technical maintenance and aerodrome services;
 Alert, search and rescue co-ordination services;
 Management of the flexible use of airspace
through the Central Airspace Unit (CAMU);
 Support for special events and special
requirements such as test flights, demonstration
flights, etc;
 The implementation and maintenance of a
terrestrial-based navigational structure;
 The training of licensed air traffic controllers and
technical staff through the Aviation Training
Academy (ATA).

59. Ports regulator of south
Africa
 Exercise economic regulation of the ports
system in line with government’s strategic
objectives;
 Promote equity of access to ports and to
facilities and services provided in ports;
 Monitor the activities of the National Ports
Authority to ensure that it performs its
functions in accordance with this Act.
 Hear complaints and appeals under the
Ports Act

60.  “The Authority is mandated with promoting, regulating,
supporting, enforcing and continuously improving levels of
safety and security throughout the civil aviation industry.
The above is to be achieved by complying with the
International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO) Standards and
Recommended Practices (SARPs) whilst considering the
local context. This mandate relates to aviation safety and
security oversight of airspace, airports, aircraft, operations
and personnel.”
 Establishment of the Civil Aviation Authority
 The South African Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) was established on 1
October 1998 following the enactment of the South African Civil Aviation
Authority Act, No.40, in September of the same year. The Act provided for
the establishment of a stand-alone authority charged with promoting,
regulating and enforcing civil aviation safety and security. It reflected the
Government’s priorities and was in line with international trends in the
aviation world where more and more states implemented this option.

61. Areas of Oversight
 The roles and responsibilities of the CAA
revolve around the following six areas of
oversight:
 Accident and Incident Investigation
 Aircraft Safety
 Aviation Security
 Air Safety Infrastructure
 Air Safety Operations
 Risk and Compliance

62. PRASA
 Sustainability of passenger rail service
delivery;
 Improvement of passenger rail services in
terms of quality and passenger service levels;
 Improved efficiency in service delivery;
 Improved effectiveness of asset
management;
 Effective targeting of subsidies to achieve
socio-economic & transport objectives;
 Improved oversight by Government; and
 Improved accountability to users

63. Divisions
 PRASA Rail Operations
Metrorail
 Shosholoza Meyl
 PRASA Corporate Real Estate
Solutions (PRASA CRES)
 PRASA Technical
 Autopax PTY Ltd
 Intersite Investments

64. History
 Prior to 1990, road and rail based
passenger services were provided by the
South African Transport Services (SATS),
a state-owned entity.
 From 1 April 1990, these functions
became the responsibility of Transnet
Limited and the South African Rail
Commuter Corporation Limited (SARCC),
companies created in terms of the Legal
Succession to the South African Transport
Services Act.

65. Railways Safety
regulator
 The RSR is governed and controlled by a
board of directors, appointed by the
Minister of Transport, who hold office for a
period of three (3) years.
 The Railway Safety Regulator (“the RSR”)
is a public entity established in terms of
Section
4 of the National Railway Safety Regulator
Act

66. Mandate
 To oversee safety of railway transport, while operators remain
responsible for managing safety of their operations;
 To promote improved safety performance in order to promote the
use of rail;
 To monitor and ensure compliance through the conducting of
audits, inspections and occurrence investigations;
 To develop regulations;
 To conclude appropriate co-operative agreements or other
arrangement with organs of state to ensure effective
management and overseeing of safe railway operations and to
minimise duplication;
 To collect and disseminate information relating to safe railway
operations;
 To develop, adopt or accept standards for safe railway
operations;
 To collaborate with and conclude contracts, where appropriate,
with any person, body or institution with the view to furthering
the objects of the RSR, including scientific and technical
information, and training;
 To promote the harmonization of the railway safety regime of
South Africa with SADC railway operations.

67.  The Cross Border Road Transport Agency
is a Government Entity that manages the
cross border road transport industry.
 The Agency is a statutory authority
established by an Act of Parliament, the
Act 4 of 1998. The Agency reports to the
Minister of Transport and
Parliament. The Board of the Agency
fulfils the role as stipulated by the Cross
Border Road Transport Act, 4 of 1998
(Act 4 of 1998).

68. Objectives
 The Agency’s strategic intent aims to
support the Department of Transports
objectives and fulfil its role in terms of
national economy in terms of:
 An enabler of economic growth
 Facilitating trade growth by increasing
South Africa’s competitiveness in the
cross border road transport sector
 Reducing the cost of doing business
 Developing SMMEs and skills within the
cross border road transport industry

69. TELECOM
 Telecommunications infrastructure in South
Africa provides modern and efficient service to
urban areas, including cellular and internet
services. In 1997, Telkom, the South African
telecommunications parastatal, was partly
privatised and entered into a strategic equity
partnership with a consortium of two
companies, including SBC, a U.S.
telecommunications company. In exchange for
exclusivity (a monopoly) to provide certain
services for 5 years, Telkom assumed an
obligation to facilitate network modernisation and
expansion into the unserved areas

70.  A Second Network Operator was to be licensed to
compete with Telkom across its spectrum of
services in 2002, although this license was only
officially handed over in late 2005 and has
recently begun operating under the
name, Neotel.
 Five cellular companies provide service to over
30 million subscribers, with South
Africa considered to have the 4th most advanced
mobile telecommunications network worldwide
 The five cellular providers are Vodacom
, MTN, Cell C, Virgin Mobile and 8-ta, which is
run by Telkom

71.  The first use of telecommunication in
the Republic of South Africa was a single
line telegraph connecting Cape
Town and Simonstown.
 post-1876, early undersea telegraph links were
introduced, first connecting Durban and Europe.
 network continued to develop through internal
financing in a heavily regulated market as
international technology developed.
 telephone services were operated by the South
African Post Office. In the 1960s, South Africa
was connected to 72 nations and total outgoing
annual international calls numbered over 28,800

72.  In the 1990s, South Africa launched its
mobile operations, underwritten by Telkom in
partnership with Vodafone. This subsidiary
grew to be Vodacom, which Telkom sold in
late 2008 in preference for its own 3G
network.
 In 2004, the Department of Communications
redefined the Electronics Communications
Act, which consolidated and redefined the
landscape of telecommunications licensing in
South Africa (both mobile and fixed)

74.  The Department of Water Affairs is the
custodian of South Africa's water resources.
It is primarily responsible for the formulation
and implementation of policy governing this
sector. It also has override responsibility for
water services provided by local government.
 While striving to ensure that all South
Africans gain access to clean water and safe
sanitation, the water sector also promotes
effective and efficient water resources
management to ensure sustainable economic
and social development.

75. Mission
 As sector leader, our mission is to serve the people of South
Africa by:
 making a positive impact on our country and its people as
custodians of our water resources, and as innovative and
committed partners in the drive for sustainable development;
 being service and delivery oriented. We strive to get it right the
first time, every time, on time - ensuring that our citizens are
provided water and sanition services they deserve;
 leading our sector and enable partners with knowledge and
capacity to ensure that all water services are delivered;
 being committed to innovation and use cutting edge technology
as a catalyst of positive change, connecting our people and
enabling them to work anywhere anytime;
 having a heart that values our investment in our people. We
provide them with a caring and trusting environment that
encourages personal development and is a breeding ground for
talent.

77. Wastewater treatment
 55% of wastewater treatment plants, especially smaller
ones, do not meet effluent standards and some do not even
measure effluent quality. In analogy to the blue drop
certification system for drinking water, the government has
launched a green drop certification for municipal
wastewater treatment. As of May 2011, 7 out of 159 water
supply authorities were certified with the green drop, and
32 out of 1,237 wastewater treatment plants.In 2009,
when 449 wastewater treatment plants were assessed,
according to official government data 7% were classified as
excellently managed, 38% "performed within acceptable
standards" and 55% did not perform within acceptable
standards.According to Bluewater Bio, an international firm
specialized in wastewater treatment, out of 1,600
wastewater treatment plants in South Africa - not all of
which were included in the Green Drop assessment - at
least 60% are not meeting regulatory compliance
requirements.

78. Stakeholders
 The public water and sanitation sector in South
Africa is organized in three different tiers:
• The national government, represented by the Department
of Water Affairs (DWA), as a policy setter.
• Water Boards, which provide primarily bulk water, but also
some retail services and operate some wastewater
treatment plants, in addition to playing a role in water
resources management;
• Municipalities, which provide most retail services and also
own some of the bulk supply infrastructure.
 Banks, the professional association WISA, the Water Research
Commission and civil society also are important stakeholders
in the sector.

79.  1997 Water Services Act
 2000: promise of free basic water and
management contract for
Johannesburg
 2001 basic sanitation white paper
 2002 National Strategy

81.  The South Africa Development Fund (SADF), formerly known as Fund for
a Free South Africa (FreeSA), was established in 1985 by Themba Vilakazi
with a group of South Africans living in exile in the United States. They were
joined by Americans active in the civil rights and anti-apartheid movements in
developing a model of philanthropy to help bring attention and an end to South
Africa’s apartheid system and to reverse its political and social impact.
 Since its inception, the organization has facilitated cooperation between
concerned Americans and South Africans to enhance social and economic
justice in South Africa. SADF solicits funds from individuals and donor
organizations, and works in partnership with community-based organizations to
provide financial and technical support to communities still disadvantaged by
decades of apartheid policies.
 After the democratic elections in 1994, U.S. interest in South Africa began to
dwindle. South Africa may have been finally free, but the residual impact of
apartheid and the alarming spread of the nation’s AIDS pandemic made the
need for donor support even greater.
 In the beginning of 1997, FreeSA was reorganized to best serve the needs of
South Africa. On July 1, 1997, a new board of directors was voted in. The
board consists of seven South Africans all of whom spend a considerable
amount of time in South Africa. The organization, now called South Africa
Development Fund, opted to focus exclusively on its grantmaking program.
 Over the years, SADF has used its grantmaking to focus on the needs of the
most disadvantaged sectors of South Africa: women, children, rural people,
unemployed, residents of informal settlements, elderly and disabled. Our
grantee organizations are committed to non-sexist, non-racial, democratic
practices.

82. Thank you