Kidney function and nephrons

How does the kidney work? What controls the rate and concentration of urine? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nephron is functional unit of kidney ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More realistic view of nephrons

Filtration at Glomerulus ,[object Object]

What happens to filtrate to make urine? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What controls glomerular filtration rate? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

But many external factors can also control glomerular filtration rate ,[object Object]

Reabsorption, or how to concentrate the filtrate into urine ,[object Object]

Reabsorption creates concentration gradient ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Changes in permeability of collecting duct produce concentrated or non-concentrated urine

Tubular secretion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Final composition of urine depends on ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Signs of kidney problems ,[object Object],[object Object]

Kidney function and nephrons

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