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Agile as a Systemic Change
        Pierluigi Pugliese

          ConneX o
               X
What if...
• Teams work well
• Scrum/Kanban/...
  are implemented
• Engineering practices
  are implemented
• Retrospectives work
• ...
  BUT...
...Agile does not work?
Organisations are
   Systems!
Agile as a Systemic Change
 Organisation
                           Not
                       just Teams!


 Teams




Individuals
Do we think “System”?

Some statistics from
Agile Coaching books
Change to Agile is Systemic!
               Organisational Development
Organisation



Team             Scrum         Kanban



Individuals
                 TDD         Pair Prog.
How do we deal with systems?
Some Systemic Concepts...
• Gregory Bateson
• Steve de Shazer
• Peter Senge
• Ludwig von Bertalanffy
• Humberto Maturana
• Niklas Luhmann
• Francisco Varela
• Paul Watzlawick
• Eliyahu Goldratt
• ...
System Wholeness
   “A change in a part of the system
    necessarily influences the whole
                 system”
   Command and       - Steve de Shazer
Control often ignores
        this!
Non-Summativity
“A System is different than the
      sum of the parts”
               - Steve de Shazer



 1+1=?
Circular Causality
    The distinction between causes and effects blurs

                  ...                                   ...




                         Quality                 Team
                                                                    ...
                        Problems               Morale Low



           ...                                                ...

                                   Code does
                                    not get
                                    cleaned

- The Thinking Process                                  ...

- System Diagrams
Non-Linearity
2 x Cause does not result in 2 x Effect!

• Thresholds (Barriers, Tipping Points)
• Non-linear reactions
• ...
There is no Observer!
     An Observer influences
         the system anyway,
                     just by
                watching it!
Influencing Systems?
Some Systemic Tools
1. Networks in an
   Organisation
Representing your System
An Organisation...
                                                                                                                                                                  A
                                                                                                      A

                                                                                                                      A
                                                                                      B               C                       D
                                                                                                  B                   C                   D

                                                                              E                       H                       I
                                                                                          E                           H                   I

                                                                          F   G               L                   J                                   K
                                                                                  F       G                   L                   J                       K
                                                                                                                                      M
                                                                                                                                                  M




                                                                  B                       F
                                                                                                          E


                                                                                                          G
                                                                                                              B




                                                                                                                          L
                                                                                                                              A


                                                                                                                              C


                                                                                                                              H


                                                                                                                                      J
                                                                                                                                              D


                                                                                                                                              I




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                                                                                                                                                                  C                                                                                                                    D
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  B C D
                         A         A          A                                                                                                                               A

                B        BC         D
                                   CB        DC               D                                                                                                             B C D                                                                E H I


            E            H E I                                I                                                                                                         E     H I
                    E        H               IH                                                                                                                                                                                                 FG L J K

        F   G       FL        GJ            L K       J               K                                                                                               F G L J                                                                              M
            F       G         L         J                 K
                                        M                         M                                                                                                                 M
                                                  M




    E                                                                                                                                                             H                                 F
                                                                                                                                                                                                            E


                                                                                                                                                                                                            G
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                    L
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       I
                                                                                                                                                                                            A                                                                                                                            A

                                                                                                                                                                                                        D                                                          A
                                                                                                                                                                              B             C                                                                                                                    B       C       D
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           B       C       D
                                                                                                                                                                  E                         H           I                                                                                                    E           H       I

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   E               H       I
                                                                                                                                                              F   G                     L       J                               K
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B C D       F   G       L       J           K

                                                                                                                                                                                                                M                           F      G           L       J           K                                                 M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            E H I

F   G                                                                                                                                                     L                                                                 J                                                              F G L J K
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             K
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     M




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     M
Your turn...
       -   In pairs: client and
           coach
       -   Client determines 2-3
           parallel networks
       -   Client visualises 1-2 of
           these networks
       -   Coach gives feedback
           and asks clarifications
Sociograms
                A


        B       C       D


    E           H       I


F   G       L       J           K

                            M
Sociograms - Write yours...

     Man               Closeness
                       Very Close, Too Close

     Woman             Conflict

     Clear Border
                       Hidden Conflict
     Diffuse Border,
     Involvement,
     Fusion
                       Avoided/avoiding Conflict
     Blocked Border,
     Disengagement,
     Exclusion
2. Order in Human
     Systems
1. Belonging
• “Us and Them
• “Friends and Foes”
• “Family and the Others”
    Who belongs to the
    system has priority!

  (Consultant be aware!)



System Existence
2. Order of Arrival
• The Last is less important than the First
• The Last can leave first (less stakes!)

                                         Growth and
                                          Expansion
3. Common Interest




             “Immunization”
4. Contribution
• Performance
• Involvement
• Skills
• Effort
Order of Importance
 1.   Belonging
 2.   Order of Arrival
 3.   Common Interest
 4.   Contribution




Sparrer, von Kibed - Grundprinzipien für den Systemerhalt
Basically...
All of these Tools give you
      more Choices
Where can you go from here?
       There’s a wealth
  of techniques out there:
     you choose where
      to explore next...
Pierluigi Pugliese
ConneX o
     X
 http://blog.connexxo.com

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Agile as a systemic change (Scandev 2011)

  • 1. Agile as a Systemic Change Pierluigi Pugliese ConneX o X
  • 2. What if... • Teams work well • Scrum/Kanban/... are implemented • Engineering practices are implemented • Retrospectives work • ... BUT...
  • 4. Organisations are Systems!
  • 5. Agile as a Systemic Change Organisation Not just Teams! Teams Individuals
  • 6. Do we think “System”? Some statistics from Agile Coaching books
  • 7.
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  • 10. Change to Agile is Systemic! Organisational Development Organisation Team Scrum Kanban Individuals TDD Pair Prog.
  • 11. How do we deal with systems?
  • 12. Some Systemic Concepts... • Gregory Bateson • Steve de Shazer • Peter Senge • Ludwig von Bertalanffy • Humberto Maturana • Niklas Luhmann • Francisco Varela • Paul Watzlawick • Eliyahu Goldratt • ...
  • 13. System Wholeness “A change in a part of the system necessarily influences the whole system” Command and - Steve de Shazer Control often ignores this!
  • 14. Non-Summativity “A System is different than the sum of the parts” - Steve de Shazer 1+1=?
  • 15. Circular Causality The distinction between causes and effects blurs ... ... Quality Team ... Problems Morale Low ... ... Code does not get cleaned - The Thinking Process ... - System Diagrams
  • 16. Non-Linearity 2 x Cause does not result in 2 x Effect! • Thresholds (Barriers, Tipping Points) • Non-linear reactions • ...
  • 17. There is no Observer! An Observer influences the system anyway, just by watching it!
  • 20. 1. Networks in an Organisation
  • 22. An Organisation... A A A B C D B C D E H I E H I F G L J K F G L J K M M B F E G B L A C H J D I M K C D A B C D A A A A B BC D CB DC D B C D E H I E H E I I E H I E H IH FG L J K F G FL GJ L K J K F G L J M F G L J K M M M M E H F E G B L A C H J D I M K I A A D A B C B C D A B C D E H I E H I E H I F G L J K B C D F G L J K M F G L J K M M E H I F G L J F G L J K K M M
  • 23. Your turn... - In pairs: client and coach - Client determines 2-3 parallel networks - Client visualises 1-2 of these networks - Coach gives feedback and asks clarifications
  • 24. Sociograms A B C D E H I F G L J K M
  • 25. Sociograms - Write yours... Man Closeness Very Close, Too Close Woman Conflict Clear Border Hidden Conflict Diffuse Border, Involvement, Fusion Avoided/avoiding Conflict Blocked Border, Disengagement, Exclusion
  • 26. 2. Order in Human Systems
  • 27. 1. Belonging • “Us and Them • “Friends and Foes” • “Family and the Others” Who belongs to the system has priority! (Consultant be aware!) System Existence
  • 28. 2. Order of Arrival • The Last is less important than the First • The Last can leave first (less stakes!) Growth and Expansion
  • 29. 3. Common Interest “Immunization”
  • 30. 4. Contribution • Performance • Involvement • Skills • Effort
  • 31. Order of Importance 1. Belonging 2. Order of Arrival 3. Common Interest 4. Contribution Sparrer, von Kibed - Grundprinzipien für den Systemerhalt
  • 33. All of these Tools give you more Choices
  • 34. Where can you go from here? There’s a wealth of techniques out there: you choose where to explore next...
  • 35. Pierluigi Pugliese ConneX o X http://blog.connexxo.com