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The Use of Organic Herbicides
1. Weed Management Society of SA
Third SA Weeds Conference 8-9 May
2012
The use of organic herbicides in
environmental weed control
Tim Marshall
www.tmorganics.com
2. Tim Marshall
• Founder & first Chairperson of NASAA (first
Australian organic certifier)
• First IFOAM Standards & Certification
Manager (world peak body)
• Director of TM Organics
• Writer, trainer, consultant
• Weed, The Ultimate Gardeners Guide To
Organic Weed Control, ABC/Harper
Collins, 2010
www.tmorganics.com
3. Tim Marshall
• TAFE Horticulture and chemical use
• Chemical Users Project (MLR)
• Local Government Training Authority
• Herbicide & alternatives (TMO)
• MLRCP(Manager Local Government)
• Revegetation (Greening Australia,
Regreen the Range, MLR Quarries etc)
www.tmorganics.com
4. Organic herbicides are only one technique
applied by organic farmers with relevance to
environmental weed control
Thermal: flame, hot water, steam, black plastic
(stolons), solarisation
Environmental manipulation (pH adjustment,
Cation balancing, nitrogen restriction)
Alternative tillage
5. What are organic herbicides?
Organic herbicides are plant based
Include:
• Vinegar
• Plant essential oils and their extracts
6. What are organic herbicides?
Organic herbicides are plant based
Include:
• Vinegar
• Plant essential oils and their extracts
• BioWeed Control ® pine oil fractions
• Weed Zap ® clove, cinnamon &
cottonseed oil, oleic & lauric acid,
lactose & water
7. How do organic herbicides work?
• Dissolve the outer layer of leaves and
seeds (lipids)
• Cause plants to desiccate (requires
warm dry weather)
• Work very fast in temperatures above
30o
8. No resistance to organic herbicides?
• Conventional herbicides target chemical
pathways within plants, stopping
physiological processes
• Plants can dispose of, isolate or avoid
chemicals and substitute other pathways
to manufacture plant products
• Organic herbicides target fundamental plant
structures –resistance requires
overcoming millions of years of evolution
9. What are organic herbicides?
• Vinegar
• Extracts from plant essential oils
• BioWeed Control ® pine oil fractions
• Weed Zap ® clove, cinnamon &
cottonseed oil, oleic & lauric acid,
lactose & water
10. How are organic herbicides used?
Organic herbicides can be applied by
• Spraying
• Painting
• Soil drench (to control seed)
Organic herbicides do not affect lignified
(woody) plant parts including stems and
plant roots
11. How are organic herbicides used?
Organic herbicides are not selective in
their action but they can be selective in
use
• Remove rosette stage from native grass
(growing point of grass is protected
versus wide target area of rosette)
• Stop seed production
12. How are organic herbicides used?
Organic herbicides are fast acting (15
minutes) when temperature is high
(especially if humidity is low)
The short time-frame for effective kill means
field workers can observe the effect of their
actions without having to return to the field a
week later (as with glyphosate).
13. How are organic herbicides used?
Organic herbicides have no withholding
period (stock can be returned to pasture
once plants are dry) and have a short
period of activity in the soil
In normal use organic herbicides are
exceptionally safe for operators
14. Disadvantages of organic herbicides
1. Organic herbicides are not selective
2. They require high temperature (and
ideally low humidity)
3. They are expensive
4. They require high volumes of water,
high volume pumps and large nozzles
15. Advantages of organic herbicides
1. Organic herbicides are very safe to use
for the operator and in public areas
2. They work very quickly in ideal weather
conditions
3. They do not harm plant stems or roots
4. They can be used to provide a
selective action, & may be applied by
spraying, painting or drenching
16. Availability of organic herbicides
Three or four commercial organic herbicides
are available
• BioWeed Control (pine extract)
• Weed Zapp (clove and other ingredients)
• Slasher (synthetic pelargonium oil)
• Yates vinegar
In the US a variety of other products are
based on clove, cinnamon and citrus oil