Refrigeration and air conditioning

Refrigeration & Air
Condition
Prepare by:- Shivkumar Panjabi
1
Prepare by:-Shivkumar Panjabi

It is defined as the process of providing
and maintaining a temperature well below
that of surrounding atmosphere.
In other words refrigeration is the process
of cooling substance.
2

If the main purpose of the machine is to
cool some object the machine is named
as refrigerator
If the main purpose of machine to heat a
medium warmer than the surroundings,
the machine is termed as heat pump.
3

4

 Food Preservation .
 Poultry Forms .
 Development of certain Scientific
Instruments .
 Weaving in textile Industry .
 Improvement in production in shop floor.
 Medical Science , Surgery.
 Customer delight in theaters & shops.
5

Refrigerants:-
It is a heat carrying medium which absorbs heat
from space and rejects heat to outside the
refrigerator.
Properties of Refrigerants
•Low Boiling Point
•Low Freezing Point.
•High Latent Heat.
•Chemically Inert & stable .
•Non Flammable
•Non toxic
•Should not react with lubrication oil of comp.
•Should not be corrosivePrepare by:- Shivkumar Panjabi
6

Important refrigerants
•Refrigerant is the working fluid used in refrigerators .
Commonly used refrigerants are:
1.Ammonia : used in ice plants, large cold storages,
skating rings etc.
2.Carbon dioxide : used in marine refrigerators,
dry ice making etc.
3.Methyl chloride: used in domestic & industrial refrigerators
(now obsolate)
4.Fluorocarbons : Freon -11,12,13,22,113,114, etc.
These are used in domestic & industrial applications.These
chemicals damage the ozone layer and hence they are being
replaced. Prepare by:- Shivkumar Panjabi
7

Capacity of a Refrigeration Unit :
• Capacity of a refrigerating machines are
expressed by their cooling capacity.
• The standard unit used for expressing the
capacity of refrigerating machine is ton of
refrigeration.
• One ton of refrigeration is defined as, “the
quantity of heat abstracted (refrigerating effect)
to freeze (into ice) one ton of water in a duration
of 24 hours at 0o c”.
Heat extracted from at oo c = latent heat of ice
Latent heat of ice = 336 kJ/kg
i.e., 336 kJ of heat should be extracted one kg of
water at 0o C to convert it into ice.
8

One ton of refrigeration= 336x1000 kJ/24
hrs.
= 336x1000
kJ/min
24x60
One ton of refrigeration = 233.333 kJ/min
= 3.8889
kJ/sec
For calculation purpose,
One ton of refrigeration = 12600 kJ/hr
= 210
kJ/min
Ton of refrigeration = 3.5 kJ/s
9

 C.O.P is a measure of efficiency of a
refrigeration cycle/ system.
It is the measure of the effectiveness of the
refrigeration system. It is the ratio of
refrigerating effect (Q) to the input work
required to produce the effect(w) .
COP =refrigerating effect/work input
= Q/W
10

11
Introduction
How does
it work?
Refrigeration
and air
conditioning
is used to
cool products
or a building
environment.
High Temperature Reservoir
Low Temperature Reservoir
R Work Input
Heat Absorbed
Heat Rejected

Types of Refrigeration
• Vapour Compression
Refrigeration (VCR): uses
mechanical energy
• Vapour Absorption Refrigeration
(VAR): uses thermal energy
Refrigeration systems
12

Type of Refrigeration
Vapour Compression Refrigeration
Refrigeration cycle
Condenser
Evaporator
High
Pressure
Side
Low
Pressure
Side
Compressor
Expansion
Device
1 2
3
4
13

Refrigeration cycle
Low pressure liquid
refrigerant in evaporator
absorbs heat and changes
to a gas
Condenser
Evaporator
High
Pressure
Side
Low
Pressure
Side
Compressor
Expansion
Device
1 2
3
4
14

© UNEP 2006
Refrigeration cycle
The superheated vapour
enters the compressor
where its pressure is
raised
Condenser
Evaporator
High
Pressure
Side
Low
Pressure
Side
Compressor
Expansion
Device
1 2
3
4
15

© UNEP 2006
Refrigeration cycle
The high pressure
superheated gas is cooled
in several stages in the
condenser
Condenser
Evaporator
High
Pressure
Side
Low
Pressure
Side
Compressor
Expansion
Device
1 2
3
4
16

Refrigeration cycle
Liquid passes through expansion
device, which reduces its pressure
and controls the flow into the
evaporator
Condenser
Evaporator
High
Pressure
Side
Low
Pressure
Side
Compressor
Expansion
Device
1 2
3
4
17

18

19

Function of main Parts
•Compressor -The function of the compressor is to
continuously draw the refrigerant vapour from the
evaporator and compress it to a high pressure.
•Condenser -Condensor is used to condense the
refrigerant from vapour to liquid.
•Expansion valve –The function of expansion valve is
to meter the proper amount of liquid refrigerant and
reduce the pressure of liquid refrigerant entering the
evaporator.
•Evaporator -In evaporator the lower temperature
refrigerant absorbs the heat from the space to be cooled
and the refrigerant gets evaporated.
20

Vapour Absorption Refrigeration
Condenser Generator
Evaporator
AbsorberCold
Side
Hot
Side
21

 Air conditioning is the simultaneous control of
temperature ,air humidity ,air movement and
air cleanliness.
 Principle:-
 The device or unit which provides air
conditioning is called air conditioner.
 Continuous cyclic process of drawing ,cooling
and recirculation of the cooled air maintains
indoor space cool at required lower
temperature which is required for comfort
cooling.
22

23
• The basic elements of air conditioning system:--
• Fans : For circulation of air
• Filters : For cleaning air
• Heating Elements : Heating of air(It may be electric heater ,
steam , hot water.)
• Control System : It regulates automatically the amount of
cooling or heating.
• Grill : It adjust the direction of the conditioned air to the
room.
• Tray : It collects condensed water.
• Refrigerating Plant : provide cooling . It consist of
compressor/generator and
asorber,eveporator,condensor,expansion
device(capallary tube).
Air Conditioning System

24

25

26
Window Air Conditioner

27

 1) Blower: This is the small blower that is fitted behind the evaporator or
cooling coil inside the assembly of the window air conditioner system. The
blower sucks the air from the room which first passes over the air filter and
gets filtered. The air then passes over the cooling coil and gets chilled. The
blower then blows this filtered and chilled air, which passes through the
supply air compartment inside the window air conditioner assembly. This
air is then delivered into the room from the supply air grill of the front panel.
 2) Propeller fan or the condenser fan: The condenser fan is the forced
draft type of propeller fan that sucks the atmospheric air and blows it over
the condenser. The hot refrigerant inside the condenser gives up the heat
to the atmospheric air and its temperature reduces.
 3) Fan motor: The motor inside the window air conditioner assembly is
located between the condenser and the evaporator coil. It has double shaft
on one side of which the blower is fitted and on the other side the
condenser fan is fitted. This makes the whole assembly of the blower, the
condenser fan and the motor highly compact.

28
Window Air Conditioner

29
Split Air Conditioner
careers@indusuni.ac.incareers@indusuni.ac.in

 The Split Air Conditioner divided in two
parts:--
 (1)First part:-Include the
evaporator,filter,evaporator fan and grill.
They placed inside the room.
 (2)Second part:-Include Condensor
,fan,compressor.This placed out side the
room.diameter tubes.therefore,small hole
rquired in wall of installation of split air
condition.The split air conditioning units
are available in capacity range of 1 to 3
tons.
30

31
Refrigeration & Air
Conditioning Systems
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION


Refrigeration and air conditioning

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Andere mochten auch

Andere mochten auch (16)

Ähnlich wie Refrigeration and air conditioning

Ähnlich wie Refrigeration and air conditioning (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Refrigeration and air conditioning