2. BASICS …BY ALBERT EINSTEIN
1. Information is not knowledge…..
2. The only source of knowledge is experience….
3. DATA! DATA!! AND DATA!!!
• Millions of books/ periodicals/ newspapers/ research
reports/ interviews/ videos/ movies.
• 23 Crores web pages indexed in 2009, and 7.03
Crores websites indexed by Yahoo! as of August
2005. Approx billions of emails sent everyday,
billions of images & videos uploaded on several
servers.
• As we talk hundreds of new books are being written,
thousands of interviews/ news items are being
reported and lakhs of webpages are being uploaded
on the internet!
4. WHY MANAGE DATA?
• To avoid resources & time in identifying
right information.
• To help creating latest/ updated solution.
• Avoid duplication of work or ‘reinventing
the wheel’
• To identify new opportunities, and build
on previous work.
7. TACIT
(context-specific, personal & hard to formalize)
• Skills sets
• Observation
• Comments
• Insights
• Experience
• Perspectives
• Judgment
• Wisdom
• Attitude.
8. WHY TACIT KNOWLEDGE IS CRUCIAL
• Mere information of law is no longer an USP…..
• Clients pay for ‘solutions’ not ‘information’
• Information imperfections do not exist in the practice
of law
• Real-time transactions require firms to offer real-time
solutions
• Practice of law requires firms to adapt and replicate
knowledge into readily usable form
9. KNOWLEDGE VARIANTS
• EXPLICIT
Can be codified in tangible form
Can be easily communicated and shared
Characteristics – “Know-What”, “Know-Why” and
“Know-Who”
• TACIT
Highly personal and therefore inexpressible
Not easy to visualize and hard to express
Characteristics – “Know-How”
Is highly elusive
10. TACIT KNOWLEDGE: CHALLENGES
• ARTICULATION CHALLENGES
Tacit knowledge is a mixture of deliberations, subjective
insight, intuition and judgment
Difficult to articulate and store
Requires extensive personal contact and mentoring
• CULTURAL CHALLENGES
Sharing not part of corporate culture
Insecurity / Lack of Trust
Lack of absorptive capacity
Intolerance for creativity
‘Not-invented-here’ or ‘proprietary’ syndrome
11. TRANSFERRING TACIT KNOWLEDGE
MOVEMENT OF TACIT KNOWLEDGE
“Movement of tacit knowledge within the
organization is a distinct experience, not a
gradual process of dissemination, and depends
on the characteristics of everyone
involved…..more of a mindset issue!”
12. TYPICAL DAILY INFORMATION FLOW
• Business News Papers
– News/ Reports/ Opinions/ Interviews/ images.
• Books/ Periodicals
• Documents received
– Emails/ Agreements/ Opinions/ Research Memos.
• Phone & Video Calls
• Official Meetings/ Discussions
• Social meetings.
How much do we systematically
store & how much do we share?
13. INDIVIDUALLY DEALING WITH
DAILY INFORMATION FLOW
• Create systematic folders and sub-folders on the
Computer
– Documents
• Agreement for Sale
• Escrow Agreement
– Correspondence
– Opinions
• While storing any document name it correctly and fill
in the in the “Summary”.
• Install “Google Desktop” or similar search engine.
• More importantly start sharing.
15. MODES OF TRANSFERRING contd..
• SOCIALIZATION - Tacit to Tacit
Occurs through apprenticeship, mentoring or collegial relations.
Also described as “implicit learning” or “learning by doing”
• EXTERNALIZATION – Tacit to Explicit
Written down or communicated through anecdotes, narratives,
conversations, memos, emails, presentations, group
discussions, etc. Also described as “articulation”
• COMBINATION – Explicit to Explicit
Knowledge transferred though standardized and systematic
procedures. For ex., through a computer database
• INTERNALIZATION – Explicit to Tacit
Results in distribution of knowledge throughout the
organisation and beyond.
16. PROCESS OF CAPTURING TACIT
KNOWLEDGE
• Organizational culture
Promoting knowledge-sharing tradition
• Discipline
creating individual discipline and corporate discipline.
• Using technology
Capturing and recording knowledge on Information Systems,
including document management, web-sites/ intranet.
17. PROCESS OF CAPTURING TACIT
KNOWLEDGE (Contd.)
• Partner Training
Senior Partners to contribute training in a drop-in fashion and
share real-life experiences
• Insulating against attrition
Organize deal de-briefs, discussions on transactional dynamics
• Meetings and conferences
Organizing deal debriefings, informal discussions to discussion
transactional dynamics
18. INDIVIDUAL DISCIPLINE
• Storing information systematically on
computers,
• Writing short memos/ notes /
observations/ explanations/ footnotes.
• Key to success is …..start sharing
knowledge with others & without any
expectations!
19. Before you shut this PPT,
please forward it to your 9
friends………..and see the
results in 24 hours!
nitin@jsalaw.com
Vakils House, 18 Sprott Road
Ballard Estate, Mumbai 400 001. India
T: +91 22 4341 8505 F: +91 22 4341 8616