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Selecting a Development Process
1.
Mike Cohn Mountain Goat
Software mike@mountaingoatsoftware.com Selecting a Development Process: Choosing Among the Leading Alternatives 1
2.
Founding member and director
of Agile Alliance, Scrum Alliance, and Agile Project LeadershipNetwork Founder of Mountain Goat Software Consultant, author,and speaker Mike Cohn - background © Mountain Goat Software, LLC 2
3.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Considerations Team Software Process Scrum Extreme Programming OpenUP/Basic Feature-Driven Development Today’s agenda 3
4.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Ceremony The amount of formalism in a process Documentation, method weight, reviews Few documents Few steps Many documents Formal steps 4
5.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Cycles Number and length of iterations Few documents Few steps Many documents Formal steps Sequential Many short iterations (5 days) 5
6.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Placing the processes Few documents Few steps Many documents Formal steps Sequential Many short iterations (5 days) Extreme Programming Scrum Team Software Process OpenUP 6
7.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Considerations Team Software Process Scrum Extreme Programming OpenUP/Basic Feature-Driven Development Today’s agenda 7
8.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Team Software Process (TSP) Created by Watts Humphrey Of Software Engineering Institute and Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Builds on his Personal Software Process A “cyclic development strategy” Another way of saying “iterative and incremental” 8
9.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Goals of the TSP 1. Build on the Personal Software Process 2. Develop products in cycles 3. Establish standard measures for quality and performance 4. Provide precise measures 5. Use role and team evaluations 6. Require process discipline 7. Provide guidance on teamwork problems 9
10.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Team Software Process (TSP) Strategy 1 Plan 1 Requirements 1 Design 1 Implementation 1 Test 1 Postmortem 1 Cycle 1 Launch Strategy 2 Plan 2 Requirements 2 Design 2 Implementation 2 Test 2 Postmortem 2 Cycle 2 Launch Strategy 3 Plan 3 Requirements 3 Design 3 Implementation 3 Test 3 Postmortem 3 Cycle 3 Launch 10
11.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Cyclic development A testable version is produced at the end of each cycle it Defects should be removed during the cycle 11
12.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Designed to solve team problems Tom DeMarco “The success or failure of a project is seldom due to ‘has the state of the art advanced far enough so that this program can be written?’ Of course it has. If the project goes down the tubes, it will be non-technical, human interaction problems that do it in.The team will fail to bond, or the developers will fail to gain interminably over meaningless methodological issues.” 12
13.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Teams, members, roles and goals A team has one or more members Goals are assigned throughout this hierarchy Team, member, role Team leader Quality/process manager Development manager Planning manager Support manager 13
14.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Goals and goals and... Team goals Produce a quality product Run a productive and well-managed project Finish on time Team member goals Be a cooperative and effective team member Do consistently disciplined personal work Plan and track all your personal work Produce quality products 14
15.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC ...more goals Dev manager goals Produce a superior product Fully use the team members’ skills and abilities Some of these goals point out some underlying beliefs of TSP, such as: You can’t control what you can’t measure Managers “use the team members’ skills” 15
16.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Scripts and forms a software system 21 activity scripts 10 role scripts Often quite detailed Scripts prescribe completing 21 supporting forms 16
17.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC The inspection script Purpose To help engineers produce quality products Entry criteriaa A completed and reviewed product with available materials Step Activities Description 1 Plan the inspection The developer Arranges with the quality/process manager or moderator Handles the mechanics of setting up and running… 2 Hold the inspection The moderator describes the inspection process The producer familiar the inspection team with the product. ... ... ... Exit ccriteria 17
18.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Choose TSP if... …you have the discipline to follow all of its …are already using the complementary Personal Software Process (PSP) …team members need this level of guidance …you do not have emergent requirements 18
19.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Considerations Team Software Process Scrum Extreme Programming OpenUP/Basic Feature-Driven Development Today’s agenda 19
20.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Scrum characteristics 30-day iterations called “sprints” Self-organizing teams But many Scrum teams are adopting much of XP Uses generative rules to create an agile environment for delivering projects 20
21.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Scrum roles Not quite the project manager Removes impediments Enforces Scrum values ScrumMaster Scrum team 7–9 full-time individuals Self-organizing Ideally full-time on project Product owner Customer or user of the project Makes prioritization decisions 21
22.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Scrum Cancel Gift wrap Return Sprint 2-4 weeks Return Sprint goal Sprint backlog Potentially shippable product increment Product backlog CouponsGift wrap Coupons Cancel 24 hours 22
23.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Scrum roles and responsibilities Prioritizes features according to market value Can change features and priority every sprint Accepts or rejects work results Product Owner Ensures that the team is fully functional and productive Enables close cooperation across all roles and functions and removes barriers Shields the team from external interferences Ensures that the process is followed. Scrum Master Cross-functional, seven plus/minus two members Selects the sprint backlog Has the right to do everything within the boundaries of the project guidelines to reach the sprint goal Organizes itself and its work Demos work results to the Product OwnerTeam 23
24.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Scrum meetings Sprint planning Team selects product backlog items to complete during sprint Daily scrum What did you do yesterday? What will you do today? What’s in your way? Team demonstrates working software built in the sprint Sprint review Sprint retrospective ways to improve 24
25.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Scrum of scrums of scrums 25
26.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC A sprint burndown chart 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 4/29/02 5/6/02 5/13/02 5/20/02 5/24/02 26
27.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Choose Scrum if... …requirements are changing or emergent …you’re willing to let the team self-organize …you need a management framework more than a set of engineering practices …you want to better manage risk …you need a proven, scalable agile process 27
28.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Considerations Team Software Process Scrum Extreme Programming OpenUP/Basic Feature-Driven Development Today’s agenda 28
29.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Extreme Programming project management approach A tough target to hit but highly productive if you do 29
30.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC XP’s customer practices On-site customer Small releases 30
31.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC XP’s quality practices Metaphor Testing Simple design Refactoring Pair programming 31
32.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC XP’s quality practices The Planning Game Sustainable pace Collective ownership Coding standards Continuous integration 32
33.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Choose Extreme Programming if... requirements …you have or can develop strong engineering skills and practices …customers can be involved on a daily (hourly) basis …it’s important you hit the bull’s eye right off and you think you can 33
34.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Considerations Team Software Process Scrum Extreme Programming OpenUP/Basic Feature-Driven Development Today’s agenda 34
35.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC OpenUP/Basic Delivered through the Eclipse Process Framework Targeted at teams of 3-6 people Targeted at projects 3-6 months long 35
36.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Comparison with RUP OpenUP/Basic RUP Pages 190 ~2000 Roles 6 ~45 Tasks 23 ~150 Artifacts 17 ~80 Source: What is the Eclipse Process Framework, Per Kroll and Scott Ambler, IBM Rational Software Development Conference 2006. 36
37.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC OpenUP roles Analyst Architect Developer Tester Project manager 37
38.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Roles, tasks, and artifacts Plan the project Assess results Prioritize work Monitor and control project Initiate Iteration Plan Iteration Project manager Performs Project plan Status assessment Iteration plan Work items list Responsible for 38
39.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Open UP phases Establish scope and produce business case Mitigate business risks Get buy-in and decision to undertake project Inception Reduce major risks to enable cost and schedule estimates Mitigate major technical risks Implement a baseline architecture Implement key capabilities Elaboration 39
40.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Majority of implementation Ends with deployment of a beta version Construction Ensure software meets users’ needs Prepare for release Solicit user feedback and make minor adjustments Transition 40
41.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Iterate within each phase Inception Preliminary iteration(s) Elaboration Iteration#1 Iteration#2 Iteration#n Iteration#n+1 Construction Iteration#n+2 Transition Iteration#m Iteration#m 41
42.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Choose OpenUP/Basic if... You like RUP but want something lighter You want an open source version of RUP You have a small project (3-6 people; 3-6 months) You want a semi-agile process based on role, task and artifact guidance 42
43.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Considerations Team Software Process Scrum Extreme Programming OpenUP/Basic Feature-Driven Development Today’s agenda 43
44.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Feature-Driven Development Originates in Java Modeling in Color with UML by Coad, Lefebvre and De Luca in 1999 Jeff DeLuca is main advocate A Practical Guide to Feature-Driven Development by Palmer and Felsing in 2002 44
45.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Features and feature sets Features Serve as primary unit of work Similar to XP stories or Scrum backlog items Small enough to do in two weeks Feature Set Collection of features Assigned to a Chief Programmer and her team Major Feature Set A domain area, one or more Feature Sets 45
46.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Example features A short description of an action of value to users of the system Format <action> the <result> <by|for|of|to> a(n) <object> Estimate the closing price of a stock Calculate the total cost of an order Change the password for a user Retrieve the room number of a guest Examples 46
47.
© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Five processes Develop an overall model Build a features list Plan by feature Design by feature Build by feature Sequential Iterative 47
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© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Sample development plan Major feature set Feature set Feature Chief programmer Date Interfacing Reservations Make a reservation for a guest Chris December Interfacing Reservations Cancel a reservation for a guest Chris December Interfacing Reservations Update a reservation for a guest Chris January Reporting Future reservations View future reservations of competitors James December Reporting Rates View internet rates for a hotel Kristy February 48
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© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Eight best practices Feature teams Domain object modeling Regular progress Regular builds Individual class ownership management Inspections Developing by feature Need all eight to be doing FDD 49
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© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Tracking progress Reservations (3) 65% December Chris Chief programmer Feature set name Number of features in set Percentage complete Target completion month Work in progress Completed Attention Not started 50
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© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Choose FDD if... …you are willing to trade some agility for a …your organization has solid UML skills …most requirements are knowable in advance or somewhat stable …you do not view self-organizing teams as a critical success factor 51
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© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Where to go next Team Software Process Scrum Extreme Programming Introduction to theTeam Software Process by Watts S. Humphrey www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/scrum Agile Software Development with Scrum by Ken Schwaber and Mike Beedle Agile Project Management with Scrum by Ken Schwaber www.xprogramming.com c2.com/cgi/wiki? ExtremeProgrammingRoadmap extremeprogramming@yahoogroups.com 52
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© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Where to go next OpenUP FDD Agile in General www.agilealliance.org www.mountaingoatsoftware.com www.featuredrivendevelopment.com www.eclipse.org/epf Agility and Discipline Made Easy by Per Kroll and Bruce MacIsaac 53
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© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC Upcoming public classes Date What Where Oct 18-19 Denver Oct 23-24 Oct 25 Agile Estimating and Planning San Diego Jan 15-16 Jan 17 Agile Estimating and Planning Atlanta Feb 26-27 Feb 28 Agile Estimating and Planning Santa Clara Other classess in London and Oslo if you’re up for a longer trip. More info at www.mountaingoatsoftware.com 54
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© Mountain Goat
Software, LLC mike@mountaingoatsoftware.com www.mountaingoatsoftware.com (303) 810-2190 (mobile) Mike Cohn contact info 55
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