Blend your own mineral mix based on a plan for your soil type

1. A Soil Balance Plan
for the Tropics
Microbial and Cation Balance

2. General Steps for Success
In Tropical Soils
1. Start a Microbial health program
2. Start composting
3. Remineralize
4. Meet Fertilizer needs
5. Soil Test
6. Balance Cations
7. Balance nutrients

3. Three aspects of soil fertility
(mechanical)
Good Soil Structure

4. Three aspects of soil fertility
y
e or
s Th ion
m izat
ea on
R fI n
O a tio
ur
Dr. C Sat
Tiro CE se
Ba (ch
Dr. Ba
Ing Higa ht
h
Dr. c
lan em
re od
Alb ram
alt
b
rec Al eth
l)
he
ce
ht M
ica
dN
l
bia
Humus
og
utr
c ro
ol from
ica
ien
i
(b
Mi
Organic matter
l)
ts
(mechanical)
Good Soil Structure

6. Soil Components
Good Soil Structure
25%
5%
50% 45%
25%
25% Air 25% H2O 5% O.M. 45% Minerals

7. 1860 Law of the Minimum
1828 - Carl Sprengel formulates the Law of the Minimum stating that growth is limited not by the total of resources
available, but by the scarcest resource.
•Justus von Liebig (1803 - 1873) was a German
chemist who made major contributions to agricultural
and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization
of organic chemistry.
•As a professor, he devised the modern laboratory-
oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he
is regarded as one of the greatest chemistry teachers of
all time.
•He is known as the "father of the fertilizer industry" for
his discovery of nitrogen as an essential plant nutrient,
and his formulation of the Law of the Minimum which
described the effect of individual nutrients on crops.
•The nutrient in the soil that is most deficient or “the NPK mentality”
lacking the necessary level for plant growth will be
the limiting factor for the yield of a particular crop

8. K
Boron
Lowest Stave prevents
P
N
Calcium
Zink
filling the barrel

9. The Law of the Minimum
160
Mg
140
120 Na
100 N P K Ca Mg Su Na Cu Zn
N Su Cu
80 P Zn
K
60 Ca
40
20
0
N P K Ca Mg Su Na Cu Zn
Needed % Actual %

10. Law of the Maximum
•Elements in the soil above and beyond certain levels will
limit yields
•The prominent French chemist and farmer, Andre Voisin gets
the credit for this concept. Neal Kinsey, in his book, Hands on
Agronomy (pg. 54) states the case best; Andre Voisin...distilled
his years of research into the Law of the Maximum.
•It means that if you put on too much of a given nutrient, it is
going to tie up something else that is needed. He found that if
you put on too much potassium, it ties up boron.
•If you put on too much phosphorus, it ties up zinc and copper.
•If you put on too much nitrogen, it ties up copper and
sometimes some of the other elements, even zinc.
•If you put on too much calcium [as with over- liming], it could
tie up all the other nutrients, depending on their presence.
•Nature also invokes the law of the maximum.
“The living organism is
a biological photograph
•High N will restrict Copper
of the environment”
•High P limits Zink uptake
•High K ties up Boron, Manganese

11. O
P
T
I
M
U
M
p
H

12. Nutrient Balance Problems
• In compost C/N • In soil C/N
• Too much carbon • Too much carbon
• Slow process, seeds and • Locks up nitrogen,
pathogens not eliminated stunts growth
• Stunted small worms
• Too much nitrogen Too much nitrogen
• Runs hot • Microbial bloom eats
• Fails to maximize carbon storehouse of
surplus nutrients in soil
• Wasted resource (loss of humus)
• Kills worms

13. Nutrient Needs
I NS
C. HOPK
café
oo d )
(Mighty G
CoMn
CuZn
MoBe
C HOPKINS café
(Mighty Good)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium(K), Iodine,
Nitrogen, Sulfer, Calcuium, Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg)
Come in Cousin Moby
CoMn CuZn MoBe
Cobolt, Manganese, Copper, Zinc. Molybdinum, Berillium

14. Na+
Ca +
2
Al3+
Mg2+ C.E.C.
Cation Exchange Capacity
K+
• Cations are positively charged ions
• Soil, clay and Humus are negatively charged
• All soils have ion sites, a nutrient holding capacity for
cations only (CEC is in milliequivalents Units or ME)
• You can fill up the sites with the good guys
• It’s called Base Saturation, the soils ratio or percentages
of nutrients held out of solution
• If your base saturation is out of balance, insects and
disease are a problem

15. Adsorbtion
•Colloids are the smallest
particles of soil or Organic Matter
•Colloids are a docking station
for cations through Adsorbtion
•They are released through Root hairs and microbes
microbial activity
•Certain fungi accompanied by
Mg++
rootlets will release these
nutrients through weak acid
exudates
Na+- -
-
Colloid
-
K+
-
-
These 4 cations have a
Ca++
special relationship to
each other and effect
plant health

16. Soil Sampling
• Never touch soil for testing
• Use stainless steel - not iron
• Store in soil bag or plastic bag
• Get a composite sample from similar areas
• Pull separate samples from High/low, wet/dry etc.

17. Stainless Steel Soil Sampler

18. Stainless Steel Soil Sampler

19. Soil Testing
Methods Strength User
• Commercial • Strong Acid • Government Labs
• Water Extract • Water Soluble • Fertilizer Industry
• Morgan Extract • Weak Acid • Biological Farmers
Solution,
LaMotte soil
testing method CEC Test w/Base Saturation
The test of choice for Dr. Reams and International Ag Labs is the weak acid
test. This test uses a chemical extract that was patterned after the exudates
that roots give off. It is called the Morgan Extract. The Morgan extract is a
"universal" extractant, meaning all major nutrients (including phosphorus) and
many micronutrients can all be measured in the one extract. Dr. M.F. Morgan
developed the Morgan extract in the 1930's and 40's at the University of
Connecticut.

20. Four pH adjusters
1. Calcium
2. Magnesium
3. Potassium
4. Sodium
Oxisols
Low C.E.C. H+
Soil Type
Calcium more than 70% base saturation Mg < 15%
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca Ca
Ca
Ca Ca
Ca
Ca Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Magnesium more than 20% base saturation Ca < 60%
Sandy soils improve with mg++ (dolemite)

27. Oxisol profile
Oxisols are best known for their occurrence in tropical rain forest, 15-25
degrees north and south of the Equator. The main processes of soil
formation of oxisols are weathering, humification and pedoturbation due to
animals. They are defined as soils containing at all depths no more than 10
percent weatherable minerals, and low cation exchange capacity.
Oxisols are always a red or yellowish color, due to the high concentration of
iron(III) and aluminum oxides and hydroxides. The word "oxisol" comes from
"oxide" in reference to the dominance of oxide minerals such as bauxite. In
the FAO soil classification, oxisols are known as ferralsols.
As rainfall passes through the litter on the forest floor the rain is acidified and
leaches minerals from the above soil layers. This forces plants to get their nutrition
from decaying litter as oxisols are quite infertile due to the lack of organic
matter and the almost complete absence of soluble minerals leached by the wet and
humid climate.
Oxisols are often used for tropical crops such as cocoa and rubber. In some cases, rice
is grown on them. Permanent cropping of oxisols in low-income areas is very difficult
because of low cation exchange capacities and high phosphorus fixation.
However, many oxisols can be cultivated over a wide range of moisture conditions. On
this account, oxisols are intensively exploited for agriculture in some regions which
have enough wealth to support modern agricultural practices (including regular
additions of limestone and chemical fertilizer).
Oxisols are divided into the following suborders:
Aquox - oxisols with a water table at or near the surface for much of the year
Perox - oxisols of continuously humid climates, where precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration in all months
Torrox - oxisols of arid climates. Because the present climate can never produce enough weathering to produce oxisols,
torrox soils are always paleosols formed during periods of much wetter climates. They occur mainly in Southern Africa.
Ustox - oxisols of semiarid and subhumid climates
Udox - oxisols of humid climates

30. 1. Ultisols are strongly leached, acid forest soils with relatively low native fertility.
They are found primarily in humid temperate and tropical areas of the world,
typically on older, stable landscapes.
2. Intense weathering of primary minerals has occurred, and much Ca, Mg, and K
has been leached from these soils. Ultisols have a subsurface horizon in which
clays have accumulated, often with strong yellowish or reddish colors resulting
from the presence of Fe oxides.
3. The 'red clay' soils of Palawan are examples of Ultisols.

31. Inceptisols profile
1. Inceptisols are widely distributed and occur under a wide range of
ecological settings. They are often found on fairly steep slopes, young
geomorphic surfaces, and on resistant parent materials
2. Land use varies considerably with Inceptisols.
3. A sizable percentage of Inceptisols are found in mountainous areas
and are used for forestry, recreation, and watershed.

32. Vertisols profile
1. Clay soils with unusual and interesting properties. They
cover more than 350 million hectares of land in the
world and in tropical Africa alone there are over 100
million hectares.
2. Because of their very small particle size and high
surface area, these soils have higher physical and
chemical reactivity than other soils.
3. Their interaction with agrochemicals/industrial wastes,
has been, increasingly, the subject of research
especially in the last two decades. Vertisols create
special problems when used for engineering purposes.
4. They are difficult to manage for agriculture. If they are
tilled when dry, then they can form large clods that are
difficult to break down. On the other hand, if tilled
when too wet, they smear and become impenetrable to
water and plant roots.
5. The high CEC/clay ratio suggests montmorillonitic and mixed
mineralogy. Calcium (Ca) should be the dominant cation
followed by magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sodium (Na)
in all the soil profiles. Meq. can range from 30-50+

34. 84 M ollisols
Albolls — wet soils; aquic soil moisture regime with an eluvial horizon
Aquolls — wet soils; aquic soil moisture regime
Cryolls — cold climate; frigid or cryic soil temperature regime
Gelolls — very cold climate; mean annual soil temperature <0° C
Rendolls — lime parent material
Udolls — humid climate; udic moisture regime
Ustolls — subhumid climate; ustic moisture regime
Xerolls — Mediteranaean climate; xeric moisture regime
Soils which are in most ways similar to Mollisols but contain either continuous or discontinuous permafrost
and are consequently affected by cryoturbation are common in the high mountain plateaux of Tibet and
the Andean altiplano. Such soils are known as Molliturbels or Mollorthels and provide the best grazing
land in such cold climates because they are not acidic like many other soils of very cold climates.
Other soils which have a mollic epipedon are classed as Vertisols because the presence of high shrink
swell characteristics and relatively high clay contents takes precedence over the mollic epipedon. These
are especially common is parts of South America in the Parana River basin that have abundant but erratic
rainfall and extensive deposition of clay-rich minerals from the Andes. Mollic epipedons also occur in
some Andisols but the andic properties take precedence.take prec
Mollisols form in semi-arid to semi-humid areas, typically under a grassland cover. They are most commonly found latitudinally in a band of 50 degrees north of
the equator, although there are some in South America, South-Eastern Australia (mainly South Australia) and South Africa. Their parent material is generally
limestone, loess, or wind-blown sand. The main processes that lead to the formation of grassland Mollisols are melanisation, decomposition, humification and
pedoturbation.
Mollisosls have deep, high organic matter, nutrient-enriched surface soil (A horizon), typically between 60-80 cm thick. This fertile surface horizon, known as a
mollic epipedon, is the defining feature of Mollisols. Mollic epipedons result from the long-term addition of organic materials derived from plant roots, and
typically have soft, granular, soil structure. Mollisols occur in savannahs and mountain valleys (such as Central Asia, or the North American Great Plains). It was
estimated that in 2003, between 14 and 26 percent of grassland ecosystems still remained in a relatively natural state (that is, they weren't used for agriculture
due to the fertility of the A horizon). Globally, they represent ~7% of ice-free land area. Because of their productivity and abundance, the Mollisols represent one
of the more economically important soil orders.
Mollisols are geologically by far the youngest soil order in USA Soil Taxonomy. Their development is very closely associated with the cooling and drying of the
global climate that occurred in the past.

35. Cation Balance- Use all the buffers
1. Calcium
2. Magnesium
3. Potassium
4. Sodium
Drives off Hydrogen
Ca CaH Ca
++
++ ++
Ca HH H Ca
Ca ++ + +
H ++ +
+
H + + ++
HH + +
HH
Mg
+ +
++
Mg ++ Colloid
H H K Na H K
+
Ca Ca Ca H
+ + + ++
++ +
HH HH H
+ +
H
++ + + +
+ ++

37. • Plant Nutrients are needed from the soil, air or water
• Foliar fertilizers can do 2 efficiently
• Not a substitute for good soil program
• A supplement only
• Helpful in transition
• Used when extra care is needed for raising brixº

41. Nutrient Dense Food
BEYOND Organic
• There is a movement for high quality food
• High vitamins, high minerals, high sugar
• This food has healing powers
• Brixo as an indicator
• The refractometer

43. The Brix Scale
A relative index of food quality
Within a given species of plant,
the crop with the higher
refractive index will have a:
•higher sugar content
•higher mineral content
•higher protein content
•greater specific gravity or
density
This adds up to sweeter taste,
Poor Average Good Excellent higher mineral density and more
nutrition as well as food with
6 8 10 12 lower nitrate and water content,
a lower freezing point, and better
storage attributes.

44. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity
ORAC rating is a laboratory analysis that provides an overall measure of a
food's antioxidant activity. The higher the ORAC score, the greater is the
food's antioxidant capacity. ORAC tests are often used to compare the
antioxidant activities of different foods (fruits, vegetables, juices, wines, etc.).
Specific Minerals $$$
Tissue testing…

46. High quality milk is:
Raw (unpasturized)
Fresh (not stale)
Good Brix (>10º)
From Grass Fed cows
(no soy or grain)

47. Got High Brix?

48. Brix Booster
FAA, Kelp/Sea Weed extract, compost tea, F.F.E., Sea Solids

49. Cation Balance- fill your “Gas Tank” according to soil test
1. Calcium 70%
2. Magnesium 15% Once you reach these
3. Potassium 6% quantities you can refill the
4. Sodium 5% “gas tank” as needed
5. Hydrogen 4%
Root hairs and microbes
Long term storage in soil
Weak acid exudates
H
K H Mg Na H K
Na H
H Mg H
Ca H
H Ca
Ca
Ca Ca
H K
Ca
Rain proof fertilizers K
H
Ca
Ca
H
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca Mg
Ca
K Mg
Ca
Ca
K

50. Gas Tank Size
[capacity]
• Vertisols have High CEC (30-50+)
Higher cost to balance these soils if abused by
modern farming techniques, but once balanced
perform very well and require less monitoring
• Oxisols have Low CEC (5-15)
Lower cost to balance, but need more frequent
“refilling” of the nutrient gas tank

51. Aloha Test Results - June 2008 - 03a
Tropical Oxisols
24.4 meq. • C.E.C.
3%+ 3.55% • Organic matter
Base Saturation
60-70% 57% • Ca
10-20% 36% • Mg
2-5% 6.9% • K
1-3% 0.9% • Na
pH? pH 6.8

52. Aloha Test Results - June 2009
Tropical Oxisols
Old beds New beds Lower Potting
Base Saturation

53. Sea Solids
90+ elements
a mixture of 90+ elements
in the sea’s perfect
proportions.
Calcium
The lightest elements 3.6
(calcium, magnesium, Magnesium
potassium and sodium) are Sulfur
totally balanced with the
trace elements (copper,
Boron
chromium, zinc, Copper
manganese, selenium, Zink
cobalt, molybdenum, etc.)
Manganese
Chromium
96.4

54. Sea Solids
90+ elements
a mixture of 90+ elements
in the sea’s perfect
proportions.
Calcium
The lightest elements 3.6
(calcium, magnesium, Magnesium
potassium and sodium) are Sulfur
totally balanced with the
trace elements (copper,
Boron
chromium, zinc, Copper
manganese, selenium, Zink
cobalt, molybdenum, etc.)
Manganese
Chromium
96.4

55. Why Mineralize?
Silicates are necessary in building plant protein and in the synthesis of certain vitamins in
plants. Silicates function as a vital element in protecting plants against insects and fungi
attack, strengthening qualities and have been found to influence other minerals useful in
plant metabolism.
Calcium - Plants need calcium for normal cell division, as a component of cell walls, as a
component of the salts inside the cells and as a part of the genetic coding materials.
Magnesium is a key component of the chlorophylls, the green colored cells in the plant. It is
therefore vital as chlorophylls are the cells which perform photosynthesis. Also, plants need
magnesium before they can make use of phosphorous and magnesium also activates several
different enzyme systems.
Iron is a constituent of many compounds in plants that regulates and promotes growth. It
is especially important to the function of chloroplasts, the plant cells that contain chlorophyll,
which are the particles that perform photosynthesis.
Potassium strengthens plant stalks and helps undo the stress induced by excess nitrogen.
Phosphorus is the "Go" food for plants.
1. Potassium - stalk strength
2. Phosphorous - Cellular growth
3. Calcium - Insect resistance, trucker of all minerals
4. Magnesium - cell formation
5. Sulfur - N utilization
6. Sodium - Potassium pump
7. Boron - N uptake
8. Zinc - Germination
9. Copper - Anti fungal, Prevents disease

56. •Within silicate rocks are a broad spectrum of up to 100 minerals and trace elements
necessary for the well being of all life and the creation of fertile soils.
•Glacial moraine or mixtures of single rock types applied to soils create a sustainable
and superior alternative to the use of ultimately harmful chemical fertilizers,
pesticides and herbicides.
•SR has been shown in scientific studies to increase yields as much as two to four
times for agriculture and forestry (wood volume), and to have immediate results and
long term effects with a single application

60. Dr. Julius Hensel (1894)
•This book was the first work to
attack Von Liebig’s salt fertilizer
thesis.
•Translated from the German, the
book introduced people to the idea
that plants require healthy food in
order to flourish, just as a human
being does.
•It describes a then new and rational
system for fertilization which has
become science today — fertilizing
with stone dust.
•Hensel went searching for food for
plants and found it in the rocks. Fed
on such foods, plants will yield
healthy, wholesome and life
sustaining food that escapes disease
and parasites.

63. Chemical Percent Weight in Earth's
Element Symbol Crus t
Oxygen O 46.60
Silicon Si 27.72
Al 8.13
Aluminum
Iron Fe 5.00
Calcium Ca 3.63
Na 2.83
Sodium
Potassium K 2.59
Magnesium Mg 2.09

64. Percent in
Atomic Percent in Percent in
Element Symbol Human
Number Universe Earth
Body
Hydrogen H 1 91 0.14 9.5
Helium He 2 9 Trace Trace
Carbon C 6 0.02 0.03 18.5
Nitrogen N 7 0.04 Trace 3.3
Oxygen O 8 0.06 47 65
Sodium Na 11 Trace 2.8 0.2
Magnesium Mg 12 Trace 2.1 0.1
Phosphorus P 15 Trace 0.07 1
Sulfur S 16 Trace 0.03 0.3
Chlorine Cl 17 Trace 0.01 0.2
Potassium K 19 Trace 2.6 0.4
Calcium Ca 20 Trace 3.6 1.5
Iron Fe 26 Trace 5 Trace

67. Mineral Mix
Gravel dust
33%
Gypsum Carbonized hull
11%
Livestock Lime
Bokashi
Ag Limestone
Ag Limestone Gravel dust
21%
Gypsum
Bokashi
5% Carbonized hull
Livestock Lime 24%
6%

69. Aloha approx.
P otting Volume Weight moisture comments
S OI L Liters Kilos content
Carbonized hull 200 80 30.0% rained on
Sand 200 130 10.0% usually dry
Vermicast 200 170 25.0% normal
Soil 200 200 25.0% screened
Bat gauno 4.0 4 dry dusty
Ag. Limestone 2.0 2 dry dusty
Bokashi 2.0 1 30.0% moist
TOTAL 808 587
Kilos Kilos Kilos approx.
WEIGHT/ per per per moisture comments
VOLUME LITER 2L Scoop 20L Pail content
Iwahig Carbonized hull 0.40 0.8 8.0 30% rained on
Const/beach Sand 1.30 2.6 26.0 10.0% usually dry
Self Vermicast 0.65 1.3 13.0 25% normal
Local Soil 0.85 1.7 17.0 25% screened
Timbancaya Bat gauno 1.00 2.0 20.0 dry dusty
Pal. Poultry Limestone 1.00 2.0 20.0 dry very dusty
Self Bokashi 0.40 0.8 8.0 30% moist
New Market Sea Salt 1.10 2.2 22.0 40%? very moist
Marcelo Gravel dust 1.25 2.5 25.0 30% rained on
Olympic Gypsum 1.00 2.0 20.0 dry dusty

72. I w ahig Carbon ppm
78.84
63.27
2.40
42.91
2,200.00
2,000.00
Manganese
Iron
Copper
Zinc
Nitrogen(N)
Phosphate (P2O5)
Potash (K2O)
Carbon ppm
2,800.00 Manganese 78.84
Iron 63.27
Copper 2.40
Zinc 42.91 NPK %
Nitrogen(N) 2,000.00 0.20
Phosphate (P O ) 2,800.00
2 5
0.28
2
Potash (K O) 2,200.00 0.22

73. S abang B at Guano ppm
440.00
3,800.00
5,191.00
36.00
206.00
Manganese
2,800.00 Iron
Copper
Zinc
Nitrogen(N)
Phosphate (P2O5)
Potash (K2O)
18,100.00
B at Gauno ppm
Manganese 440.00
Iron 5,191.00
Copper 36.00
Zinc 206.00 NPK % Lbs/1000gal. K/1000L Lbs/ton k/ton
Nitrogen(N) 2,800.00 0.28 23.00 2.75 5.54 2.52
Phosphate (P O ) 18,100.00
2 5
1.81 150.00 17.94 36.22 16.46
2
Potash (K O) 3,800.00 0.38 31.00 3.71 7.58 3.45

74. Aloha B okashi ppm
50.99
175.00
3.37
28.17
8,100.00 7,600.00 Manganese
Iron
Copper
Zinc
Nitrogen(N)
Phosphate (P2O5)
Potash (K2O)
5,000.00
B okashi ppm Ca 1.41 Ca/Mg
Manganese 50.99 Mg 0.16 8.81
Iron 175.00
Copper 3.37
Zinc 28.17 NPK %
Nitrogen(N) 7,600.00 0.76
Phosphate (P2O5) 5,000.00 0.50
2
Potash (K O) 8,100.00 0.81

75. Aloha Vermicast ppm
110.55
677.93
6.45
2,500.00 206.00
5,100.00 Manganese
Iron
Copper
Zinc
Nitrogen(N)
Phosphate (P2O5)
Potash (K2O)
8,200.00
B at Gauno ppm
Manganese 440.00
Iron 5,191.00
Copper 36.00
Zinc 206.00 NPK % Lbs/1000gal. K/1000L Lbs/ton k/ton
Nitrogen(N) 2,800.00 0.28 23.00 2.75 5.54 2.52
Phosphate (P O ) 18,100.00
2 5
1.81 150.00 17.94 36.22 16.46
2
Potash (K O) 3,800.00 0.38 31.00 3.71 7.58 3.45

76. Source
Rice hull charcoal you can make
Finer crushed powder, faster acting
Aloha All Around Formula from book, any formula is fine
Coarser, longer acting
Waste from gravel crushing, Sometimes called Gravel sand
Also called Plaster of Paris, found in hardware stores

77. 0.7
1.5
Mineral Mix 2
2.0 0.4
Carbonized hull
Livestock Lime
Bokashi
Ag Limestone
0.3 Gravel dust
Gypsum
3.3
Mineral Mix 2 Pails Source
Carbonized hull 1.5 Rice hull charcoal you can make
Livestock Lime 0.4 Finer crushed powder, faster acting, Calcium Carbonate
Bokashi 0.3 Aloha All Around Formula from book, any formula is fine
Ag Limestone 3.3 Coarser, longer acting, Calcium Carbonate
Gravel dust 2.0 Waste from gravel crushing, Sometimes called Gravel sand
Gypsum 0.7 Also called Plaster of Paris, found in hardware stores, Calcium Sulphate

78. Calcium hydroxide is an inorganic compound
with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. Calcium oxide
(called lime or quicklime) is mixed, or "slaked" with
water. It has many names including hydrated lime,
builders lime, slack lime, cal, or pickling lime.
pH below 6
Calcium carbonate
pH above 6 High Calcium Limestone
CaCO3
Calcium Sulphate 32%
CaSO4 Limestone
Gypsum
Sea Shells
Egg shells
Coral
40%-50% sugar
Microbial growth
Mg++
Dolomite
H +
Magnesium carbonate
pH 6.0-7.0 Mg++ CaMg(CO3)2
Good for
Most Ag Ca 22% Mg 12%
Mg++
Mg++ Mg++

87. $225.00

88. Mineral Primer
-pressure -
Metamorphic -heat -
Igneous
- erosion -
Sedimentary

89. Identification of Igneous Rocks
http://geology.about.com/library/bl/blrockident_tables.htm

90. Rock Formation Factors
Basalt

94. Palawan Rocks

95. Palawan
Powdered
Rocks
Feldspar? Granite
Sedimentary Quartz

96. Gravel and sand must be very
dry otherwise it becomes
sedimentary rock

97. 1,500 Watts

98. Quartz

99. Quartz

102. 1,500 Watts x 70 min.=1,650 watt hours x 6.17 kwh= P10/batch
P10/batch/6K/batch = P1.6/K + 0.48P material = P2.08/K
(granite tailings)

103. Extra Fine
“graphite”
1 hour machine time
1/2 hour machine time
Powderizes
Charcoal
too!
Coarse

104. CaCO3
Calcium Carbonate
Sea Shells
Dead Coral

105. 11.33% boron content
Magnesium sulfate hydrate (MgSO4*7H2O).
It is white, looks like table salt, has 9.8%
magnesium and 13% sulfur.
Start with 8 kilos/hectare

107. Aloha Mineral Mix

109. op
Ri s
ce
cr
Organic Trials
an
rn
ttu
ot
ce
Be
Co
Ro
Le
Control 1X10 m
1 kilo Bokashi 1 kilo/bed = 1 ton/h
1 kilo Bokashi, 1 kilo minerals
2 kilo Bokashi, 1 kilo minerals
3 kilo Bokashi, 1 kilo minerals
X 1 kilo Bokashi, 2 kilo minerals
X X X 1 kilo Bokashi, 3 kilo minerals
X X X X 3 kilo Bokashi, 2 kilo minerals
X 3 kilo Bokashi, 3 kilo minerals
4 kilo Bokashi, 1 kilo minerals

110. Nutrient Density in Brixº
14
12
10
8
Brixº 6
4
2
0
lettuce cucumber tomatoe onion
1kilo bokashi Minerals 1kilo Minerals 2kilo
Minerals 3 kilo Minerals 4 kilo

111. Directly improves livestock
Better quality animal products
Ultimately improves your health

112. Phosphorus should be equal to Potassium (actual P=actual K), which
means phosphate (P2O5) should be 2x potash (K2O).
Sulfur should be 1/2 of Phosphorus, up to around 400 lbs per acre.
More is usually not needed except in soils that start out alkaline, i.e.
pH greater than 7.
Chlorine should be equal to Sodium, and not more than 2x Sodium.
Nitrogen will generally take care of itself for most crops if the soil
organic matter content is 4% or above. Some N loving crops like corn
(maize) or onions may need some supplemental Nitrogen.
Boron: 1/1000th of Calcium, but not more than 4ppm (parts per million) or 8 lbs per acre.
Iron: 100-200 ppm (200-400 lbs/acre)
Manganese: 1/2 of Iron, but more than 50ppm is not necessary.
Zinc: 1/10 of Phosphorus
Copper: 1/2 of Zinc
Reams
Calcium: 2,000-4,000 lbs
Magnesium: 285-570 lbs
Phosphate: 400 lbs
Potash: 200 lbs
Nitrate Nitrogen: 40 lbs
Ammonium Nitrogen: 40 lbs
Sulfate: 200 lbs
Sodium: 20-70 ppm

113. General Steps for Success
In Tropical Soils
1. Start a Microbial health program
2. Start composting
3. Remineralize
4. Meet Fertilizer needs
5. Soil Test
6. Balance Cations
7. Balance nutrients