A presentation summarising research conducted at TU Delft by Josh Astill in 2004-5. Looking at the EU uptake and use of sustainable design and what NZ can learn.

1. a catalyst for change
Project: Delft Research Programme
Project # 0119
MFE Presentation: 08/02/06

2. Agenda/Contents
1. Introduction to the Recircle project 4. The New Zealand context
2. Defining Sustainable product
design 5. Sector orientated tool boxes
3. An over view of the European 6. Mechanisms for change
context
- Environmental agencies and 7. Discussion points
policy affecting product design
- Sustainable design in industry
- Academia
- Networks
- Tools and methods
- Case studies

3. Recircle Project Structure
Government/Policy
SPD contextual components in the EU
Professional design
Industry
Industry Toolbox
Mechanisms
Academia
NZ Pro designer for
Toolbox
EU Change
Networks Academia
Toolbox
Tools & Methods
NZ context relevant to the
implementaion of SPD
Case studies

4. Definition of SPD
Sustain
abl
e D
ev
“The (re)design of products,
eo
l
processes, services or systems to
pm
tackle imbalances or trade offs
n
between the demands of society, the Sustainable Design
Productio
ent
environment and the economy and Eco-Design
Consumptio
requires the holistic Product Design
consideration of the impact or economic, functional,
aesthetic, safety
products or
services in these three areas, now
and in the future”
n

5. Changing Stereotypes
From the hand made recycled To state of the art products where
stereotype “green aesthetic” sustainability is addressed along the
entire life cycle.

6. Life Cycle Thinking
Extraction of
x
Disposal &
Incineration
Raw Materials
ry
ve
co
Re
Recycling
Recycling & Reuse Material/Components
Design & Production
Reuse
Packaging &
Use & Maintenance
Distribution

7. 6/R Philosohpy
• Re-think the product and its • Re-cycle. Select materials that
functions. For example, the prod- can be recycled, and build the
uct may be used more efficiently, product such that it is disassem-
thereby reducing energy use and bled easier for recycling.
other natural resources.
• Re-use. Design the product so
• Re-duce energy and material parts can be reused.
consumption throughout a prod-
uct’s life cycle. • Re-pair. Make the product easy
to repair so that the product does
• Re-place harmful substances not yet need to be replaced.
with more environmentally friendly
alternatives.

8. 4 Types of EcoDesign
20 Type 4
1. Product improvement
Improvement fa ctor
2. Product redesign
Eco - efficeintc y
3. Function innovation
Type 3
10
4. System innovation
Type 2
Type 1
5
5 10 20 50
Time (years)

9. SPD Criteria
People (social/ethical)
- Complies with corporate image
- Conditions of work in the company and
along the supply chain are acceptable
Planet (environment)
- Environmental impacts are reduced
- Complies with environmental related
legal requirements
Profit (economic)
- Promises success on the market
- Technically feasable for the company
- Satifies customer/user needs

10. European Context

11. Regional Differences
Region Awareness Infrastructure Approaches
Scandinavia High Very good (academia focused) LCA focused, alot of funded projects
Ecodesign clusters: DK, SE undertaken
U.K. High Very good (consultancy focused) Based on policy and legislation as
Ecodesign clusters: England, Wales entry point (Rohs, Weee)
Netherlands & High Very good (research focused) LCA focused, governmental support
Belgium Ecodesign cluster: Flanders for projects
Germany & High Very good Technology focussed, tool
Austria (No dedicated clusters) development, backed by educational
measures
Ireland High Good
Spain High Good, ecodesign sub clusters
Catalonia, Basque country
Portugal Moderate Good

12. EU Environmental Organisations
EU commission
- Environmental Director General
- Funding programs (Leonardo, Life,
Dantes etc) 5th 6th 7th framework.
Associated agencies
- UNEP
- EEA,
- EEB
Key country government agencies
- Netherlands (VROM)
- Denmark (DEPA)
- UK (DEFRA)
- Sweden (MFE)

13. EU Policy & Legislation
EOLV - End of life vehicles
IPP - Intergrated product policy
EUP - Ecodesign of energy using products Directive
RoHS - Restriction of the use of certain hazardous
substances Directive
WEEE - Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Directive
Labelling - Eco, Energy

14. EU Policy & Legislation
EU Policy & Legislation (EcoDesign ARC 2006)
Focus: Product Focus: Enterprise
Integrated Produc t Polic y Aspec t Spec ific
Regulations
Ec oDesign
EcoDesign: EUP
Framework Directive
(Draft)
Regulations
Energy Labeling Energy Effic ienc y Aspec t Spec ific Eviro. Management
Energy Labeling Several New Directives Ewaste: WEEE Directive Environmental
Directive Planned Material Bans: RoHS Management EMAS
Energy Efficiency (Automotive's: ELV)
Directives
EOLV - End of life vehicles WEEE - Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive
IPP - Intergrated product policy Labelling - Eco, Energy
UP - Ecodesign of energy using products Directive
RoHS - Restriction of the use of certain hazardous
substances Directive

15. Designers & the Eco Design Process
“Sustainable design is not a
specialist area of design, but
rather an attribute of good design”
Most environmental impacts are
environmental impact
Cumulative lock-in of
‘locked-in” at the design stage.
Early intergration of ecodesign into Cumulative 'lock-in' of
the product development process environmental impact arising
from decisions made along the
product development cycle
Strategic product Cleaner Consumer Waste management
Ecodesign & re cycling
& market research production education
Concept design - Detail design - Manufacture - Use - Disposal or recovery
Product development cycle

16. Internal & External Design
External Consultants In-house Capacity
- LCA consultants - The Design team work at
- Environmantal consultants the front end
- Policy consultants - Eco design is
- Research consultants predominantly done by the
- Ecodesign consultants engineering team
- Sustainable product design - Consultants are used when
consultants (Bottom up approach) necessary

17. Industrial Design & Eco Design
• Eco design is a relativey new subject for
industrial design
• Designers involvement in sustainable
design tends to be more conceptual and
strategic.
• Eco design has come from an
engineering/Scientific background
• There is a language gap between tools
and designers
• The key is to focus on strategies rather
than technicalities.

18. Benefits of Eco-Design
Short term Long term
• Reduces environmental impact of • Increased innovation
products/processes. • Greater ability to compete,
• Optimizes raw material add value, attract customers
consumption and energy use. • Become more cost-effective
• Improves waste management / • Reduce environmental im-
pollution prevention systems. pacts and liability
• Encourages good design and • Gain a systems perspective
drives innovation. • Improved supply chain rela-
• Cuts costs. tionships
• Increases product marketability

19. Eco-Design in SME’s
Drivers
• Legislation compliance (surviving RoHS)
• Perceived economic benefits
Barriers
• Lack of incentives form all stake holders
• Perceived extra costs in time and money Lack of available
information
Whats happening?
1. Pilot projects rarely lead to ecodesign implemantaion
2. Ecodesign is not a management issue
3. The focus is on product redesign rather than new product
concepts.

20. EU & Country Specific Initiatives
• Eco design arc Awareness raising
campaign for SME’s in the electronics in-
dustry
• Ecosmes Web based guide for SME’s
with relevant information and simplified
ecodesign tools
• Learning-ecodesign.net
Web based information with case stud-
ies.
• Eco smart design Ireland
Program run in Northern Ireland to aid
SME’s with ecodesign implementation

21. Multi-National/Large Enterprise
• Environmental policy and directives
have had a huge impact.
• Lead by the automotive and
electronics industry
• The Dow Jones sustainability index
has put sustainability out there.
• B2B and B2C relationships
• Tailor made solutions for individual
company needs

22. Life-Cycle-Based
Environmental Policy & Product
Strategy
Life Cycle Management
me e
on or Th
en
nt
D is
E n ig n F
trib
v ir
uti
s
De
on
Life-Cycle
Management
t
en m
u re
M a re
ro c
rk e e n
G
P
tin
en
g
e
Gr
Cleaner Production

23. The reality of ecodesign application in the EU
• Environmental policy has had a huge • Incentives for ecodesign
impact implementation in industry are still
relatively low
• No universal language of SPD
• Most focus is on incrementally
• General focus on end of life issues improving existing products.
• Getting past the pilot project • Sectors are at different stages of
development and maturity
• Alignment of ecodesign with
business operations is still poor • Teaching and training does not
automatically result in implementatio
• Few examples of real sustainable
design

24. Teaching vs. Implementation
Enterp
rise
Training ecodesign to a select
few does not guarantee further
dissemination of information
throughout an organization.

25. • Established on 8th January 1842
• Largest university of engineering
sciences in the Netherlands
• Approximately 13,000 students and
2,100 scientists (including 200
professors)
• Each year an average of 185 PhD dis
sertations
• And over 4,000 publications in
scien tific journals.

26. D4S Programme Aerospace
Engineering Product Innovation Institute for Design
Industrial Design Design Engineering
Management Education
Applied Earth
Sciences
Reliability & Durability Computer Aided Design Design for Sustainability Product Engineering
People - Various backgrounds Applied
Mathematics
(R&D) Engineering (CADE) (DfS) (PE)
and tasks with the department Applied
Physics
People
Architecture Beella, Satish Kumar M.Des Kan, Sioe-Yao M.Sc
Courses - Sustainability in all the (Bio) Chemical
Berchicci, Luca M.Sc
Boks, Casper PhD.M.Sc
Brezet, Han Prof.PhD.M.Sc
Pascual Moya-Angeler, Oriol M.Sc.
Remmerswaal, Han PhD.M.Sc
Roos, Linda
Engineering Crul, Marcel PhD.M.Sc Silvester, Sacha PhD.M.Sc
departments Civil
Diehl, Jan Carel M.Sc
Hellman, Hanna M.Sc
Huisman, Jaco PhD.M.Sc
Stevels, Ab Prof.PhD.M.Sc
Wever, Renee M.Sc
Engineering
Courses
Computer
Research - Holistic approach at Science ID 2431 Milieukunde
(Dutch)
Bachelor program.
ID 4140
Internationalization
Master program.
ID 5151 Technical
Environmental Analysis
Elective, Master program
ID 5351 Applied
Environmental Design
Elective, Master program
all levels Electrical
Engineering ID 3051 Design 5
(Dutch)
ID 4125 Life Cycle
Engineering and Design
ID 5561 Product Service
Systems
Bachelor program. Master program. Elective, Master program.
Industrial Design
Engineering
Research
Networks - Involved with most Life Science &
Technology Sustainability & Design Business aspects
major SPD projects worldwide Marine
Technology Tools for sustainable design Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Mechanical
Engineering Networks
Sustainable Molecular
Satellites Universities Municipalities
Science & Technology
Systems Engineering,
Policy Analysis & SME’s & Multinationals International Government & EU comission
Management

27. D4S Development 1990 -2006
• Product redesign
• Manual approach
• Pilot projects
• Business intergration phase
• Ecodesign in non industrial
contexts
• Social / system innovation

28. Sustainability in the Curriculum
• Integration of Sustainability into the
Curriculum
• Integration is not a spontaneous
process
• A top down approach to training
lecturers is not productive

29. Sustainability in The Curriculum
Sustainability as Design as
Context Context
Sustainability Design
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year
Design for sustainability course development

30. Key Universities & Research Centres in the EU
Universities Research institutes
- Chalmers Sweden - TNO
- TU Denmark - Vito
- TU Vienna - SETAC
- Surrey University - Wuppertal institute
- Milan Polytechnic - Fraunhofer
- TU Berlin - INETI

31. After 15 years or Research where are the
Eco products?
Alignment between industry needs and academic research need
to be substantially improved
Research is predominantly funding driven not industry driven
An excessive focus on complex tool and methods development
Little follow up after the pilot projects
Lack of research into ecodesign solutions for further integration in
the company structure

32. SPD Networks
Specific SPD Networks
- O2
Sector orientated Networks
- Academic/research – IEPP
Multi stakeholder Networks
- Ecolife

33. 1970 Approaches
End of pipe
Cleaner production
Cradle to grave
Cradle to cradle
Sustainable product design
Product service systems
2006

34. Strategies
1. New concept development
2. Selection of low impact materials
3. Reduction of materials
4. Optimization of production techniques
5. Efficient distribution system
6. Reduction of users impact
7. Optimize initial lifetime
8. Optimize end of life system

35. Relation between Ecodesign Strategies & Product Life Cycle
(Brezet & Hemel 1997) Strategy & Life Cycle
Strategies
Stage In Product
Life Cycle Affected Aspects
Relationships
Strategy at new concept
development
New Produc t
Strategy 1. Produc tion
Selection of low impact materials & Supply Of Raw materials
Materials & Proc ess energy
Components
Strategy 2.
Reduction of materials usage
In-House
Produc tion Auxiliary materials
Proc ess energy
Strategy 3.
Optimization of production
techniques
Distribution
Strategy 4. To Pac kaging
Optimization of distribution Customers Energy for t ransport
system
Strategy 5.
Reduction of impact during use Utilization
Materials for utilization
Energy during use
Strategy 6.
Optimization of initial lifetime
Rec over &
Strategy 7. Disposal Auxiliary substanc es
Optimization of end of life Proc ess energy
systems

36. 8
1
2
Tools
7 3 Tool categories
(Analysing, prioritizing, prescribing, coordinating)
6 4
5
- Reduced environmental impact
Hands on tools
- Area of environmental concern Ecodesign checklists, MET matrix, Lids wheel
1
2
8
Internet based tools
Ecodesign pilot
7 3
Software tools
6 4
5
Idemat
- Existing product LCA – Abridged (Eco indicator 99)
- New product (redesign) - Full (Gabi, simapro, Umberto)

37. New Tool Development
LCA tool development (I report at Unilever)
Simplified tools for SME’s (Everdee and Tespi)
CAD based LCA tools (Ecologicad And ecodesign work-
bench)
Communication tools for ecodesign through out the company

38. Problems with Eco Design Tools
Full LCA is expensive and time The language of current
consuming ecodesign tools is still very
technical.
Tools are too complex especially
for SME’s Customization of tools for
company needs
Developed by academia with
insufficient industry commitment The eco-design tools need to
be adapted to the established
Tool selection versus tool design Workflows, not the
development design workflows to the tools

39. Guides & Manuals
Manuals
UNEP promise, Canadian ,Spanish, PIT
method
Guides
ECO redesign, Eco innovation, Eco-life
guide, A Designer’s Guide to Eco-Con-
scious design
Online information
Demi, Inspiration/innovation, Ecosmes

40. Where are we now and where are we going?
Where we are now? Where we are going?
Most product related environmental There will be a growing interest in low
improvements are incremental carbon technologies
The focus is on Ecodesign compliance A focus on design for energy reduction
in use.
Design engineers tend to being doing Development of simple but not simplistic
the ecodesign tools
An EMS allows ecodesign to work as an Greater awareness raising systems
integral part of the companies function.
Environmental policy and legislation
going beyond the electronics industry.

41. Case Study 1
Eco chair by Voxia
• Use of sustainable material
• Form and functional elements are pro-
duced in on continuous process
• Reduction in energy use during man-
ufacture
• Material waste is a minimal
• Stack-ability enables efficient trans
port and storage

42. Case Study 2
1-2-paint by Flex design
• Innovative design
• Reduction of materials (no need for
a paint tray)
• Easy to recycle (one material
• Saves paint (no left over)
• Saves water (4-5 litres per bucket)
• Customer satisfaction (selling 70%
more than traditional buckets)

43. Case Study 3
Papcorn Dinnerware by
Anne Bannick & Lene Vad Jensen
• Renewable material
• Biodegradable
• Multi use or single use

44. EU Summary
• Environmental agencies and policy affecting product design
• Sustainable design in industry
• Academia
• Networks
• Tools and methods

45. New Zealand Context

46. Areas to be Investigated
• Key environmental impacts of
products in NZ (i.e. Transport & and
end of life)
• Update of Smythe report
• Gaps to be filled by experiences in
Europe
• Environmental policy development in
NZ
• Awareness of industry in regards to
ecodesign.

47. Sector Oriented Toolboxes
Academia Industry
• Teaching the teachers • Environmental management
• Sustainability in the curriculum systems
development • Strategies
• Simple tools • Supply chain management
• Hands on training • CSR
• Recommended reading list • Green marketing
• Policy & legislation
Design professionals
• Specific tools
• Manuals
• Strategies
• Simplified LCA
• Policy & legislation

48. Mechanisms for Change
• Conference
• Lectures
• Workshops
• Website/guide
• Network
• Research
• Ecodesign tools specifically for NZ
• Policy development
• Tax incentives for sustainable product
development
• Academic and industry combined
projects
• Pilot projects in NZ companies
• Project between Delft TU and NZ
counterpart.