The document discusses brand extensions, which is when an established brand name is used to introduce a new product. There are advantages to using brand extensions such as facilitating new product acceptance and reducing risks and costs associated with introducing a new product. However, there are also disadvantages like potentially confusing consumers or failing and hurting the parent brand image. For a brand extension to be successful, it must create similarities and differences compared to the parent brand and category to appeal to consumers. The marketing program for a brand extension must also leverage the parent brand's equity while enhancing the new product.