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7. Relational Database Design in DBMS

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The document discusses relational database design and normalization. It covers first normal form, functional dependencies, and decomposition. The goal of normalization is to avoid data redundancy and anomalies. First normal form requires attributes to be atomic. Functional dependencies specify relationships between attributes that must be preserved. Decomposition breaks relations into smaller relations while maintaining lossless join properties. Higher normal forms like Boyce-Codd normal form and third normal form further reduce redundancy.

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Chapter 7: Relational Database Design
Chapter 7: Relational Database Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First Normal Form ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First Normal Form (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pitfalls in Relational Database Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Decomposition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of Non Lossless-Join Decomposition ,[object Object],A B    1 2 1 A   B 1 2 r  A ( r )  B( r )  A (r)  B (r) A B     1 2 1 2
Goal — Devise a Theory for the Following ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functional Dependencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functional Dependencies (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functional Dependencies (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Use of Functional Dependencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functional Dependencies (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Closure of a Set of Functional Dependencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Procedure for Computing F + ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Closure of Functional Dependencies (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Closure of Attribute Sets ,[object Object],[object Object]
Example of Attribute Set Closure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Uses of Attribute Closure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Canonical Cover ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Extraneous Attributes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing if an Attribute is Extraneous ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Canonical Cover ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of Computing a Canonical Cover ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Goals of Normalization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Decomposition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of Lossy-Join Decomposition ,[object Object],[object Object],A B    1 2 1 A   B 1 2 r  A ( r )  B( r )  A (r)  B (r) A B     1 2 1 2
Normalization Using Functional Dependencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing for Dependency Preservation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Boyce-Codd Normal Form ,[object Object],[object Object],A relation schema R is in BCNF with respect to a set F of functional dependencies if for all functional dependencies in F + of the form     , where   R and   R , at least one of the following holds:
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing for BCNF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BCNF Decomposition Algorithm ,[object Object],[object Object]
Example of BCNF Decomposition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing Decomposition for BCNF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BCNF and Dependency Preservation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],It is not always possible to get a BCNF decomposition that is dependency preserving
Third Normal Form: Motivation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Third Normal Form ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3NF (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing for 3NF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3NF Decomposition Algorithm ,[object Object]
3NF Decomposition Algorithm (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Applying 3NF to Banker-info-schema ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparison of BCNF and 3NF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparison of BCNF and 3NF (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],J j 1 j 2 j 3 null L l 1 l 1 l 1 l 2 K k 1 k 1 k 1 k 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Design Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing for FDs Across Relations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multivalued Dependencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Multivalued Dependencies (Cont.) course teacher book database database database database database database operating systems operating systems operating systems operating systems Avi Avi Hank Hank Sudarshan Sudarshan Avi Avi Jim Jim DB Concepts Ullman DB Concepts Ullman DB Concepts Ullman OS Concepts Shaw OS Concepts Shaw classes
[object Object],Multivalued Dependencies (Cont.) course teacher database database database operating systems operating systems Avi Hank Sudarshan Avi Jim teaches course book database database operating systems operating systems DB Concepts Ullman OS Concepts Shaw text We shall see that these two relations are in Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
Multivalued Dependencies (MVDs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MVD (Cont.) ,[object Object]
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Use of Multivalued Dependencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Theory of MVDs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fourth Normal Form ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Restriction of Multivalued Dependencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4NF Decomposition Algorithm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Further Normal Forms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overall Database Design Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ER Model and Normalization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Universal Relation Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Universal Relation Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Universal Relation Approach (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Denormalization for Performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Design Issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Proof of Correctness of 3NF Decomposition Algorithm
Correctness of 3NF Decomposition Algorithm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Correctness of 3NF Decomposition Algorithm (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Correctness of 3NF Decomposition (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Correctness of 3NF Decomposition (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
End of Chapter
Sample lending Relation
Sample Relation r
The customer Relation
The loan Relation
The branch Relation
The Relation branch-customer
The Relation customer-loan
The Relation branch-customer customer-loan
An Instance of Banker-schema
Tabular Representation of 
Relation bc : An Example of Reduncy in a BCNF Relation
An Illegal bc Relation
Decomposition of loan-info
Relation of Exercise 7.4

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OSI Model (Data Communication) DC3
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Basic Concepts in Data Communication DC1
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Token Passing in Data Communication DC25
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Data Link Protocols in Data Communication DC22
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Data Link Protocols in Data Communication DC22
 
Flow Control in Data Communication DC21
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CRC in Data Communication DC19
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Telephone Networn in Data Communication DC17
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Multiplexing in Data Communication DC15
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Transmission Media in Data Communication DC13
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