This chapter discusses portfolio risk and return. It introduces the concept that investors should care about systematic risk rather than total risk, as total risk can be reduced through diversification while systematic risk cannot. It outlines how modern portfolio theory uses beta to measure the sensitivity of an asset to market movements, representing systematic risk. The chapter also discusses how diversification reduces nonsystematic or idiosyncratic risk but not market risk, and how portfolio risk decreases as the number of assets in the portfolio increases, up to a certain point.