1. CREATING
LAW
WITHOUT
CONTROLLING
INFRASTRUCTURE
#FAIL
Mathias
“cyborg”
Klang
2. “A
CYBORG
IS
A
BEING
WITH
BOTH
BIOLOGICAL
AND
ARTIFICIAL
(E.G.
ELECTRONIC,
MECHANICAL
OR
ROBOTIC)
PARTS.
THE
TERM
WAS
COINED
IN
1960…”
h3p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyborg
4. E>ska
Områden/Zoner
Till
andra
Icke-‐kännande
varelser,
kännande
ekosystem
&
A3
förhålla
sig
Förhålla
sig
varelser
Kulturföreteelser
mm
>ll
mig
själv
>ll
andra
5. Varför
behöver
Ni
e>k
• Teknik
snabbare
än
värderingar,
moral,
e>k,
lag
• Ska
vi
begränsa
teknik
(kan
vi?)
• Ska
vi
utveckla
e>k
(kan
vi
förhindra
det?)
• Som
användare,
utvecklare
&
medborgare
är
ni
mi3
i
deba3en.
6. Nurture
Nature
Social
construct
ethnocentrism
Culture
absolu>sm
Choice?
Cultural
rela>vism
Human
Nature
Kant
Ethical
rela>vism
Ethics:
Good
Evil
a
very
very
Du>es
–
not
impulses
short
version
Social
Contract
Categorical
impera>ve
Rousseau
Hobbes
Rawls
Rule
ethics
Rule
crea>on
Veil
of
ignorance
Mill
-‐
Good
U>litarianism
Teleological
ethics
Habermas
Discourse
ethics
Bentham
-‐
Happiness
7. Computer
ethics
• Computer
Ethics
is
the
analysis
of
the
nature
and
social
impact
of
computer
technology
and
the
corresponding
formula>on
and
jus>fica>on
of
policies
for
the
ethical
use
of
such
technology
8. Är
teknikutvecklingen
oundviklig?
• Teknikdeterminism:
tekniska
utvecklingen
som
en
självständig,
ostyrbar
kra_
som
styr
den
övriga
samhällsutvecklingen
• Alterna>vt
är
teknikutvecklingen
som
en
konsekvens
av
den
övriga
samhällsutvecklingen.
9. Determinism
• Den
fria
viljan
är
en
illusion,
e_ersom
vi
i
varje
given
situa>on
inte
kunde
ha
handlat
på
e3
annat
sä3
än
vi
gjorde.
• Alterna>vt
fri
vilja
finns
men
den
är
utspridd
över
alla
mikrobeslut
som
alla
människor
fa3ar.
10. Do
Ar>facts
Have
Poli>cs?
• Är
tekniken
god,
ond
eller
neutral?
– Artefaktens
kontext
– Artefaktens
tekniska
egenskaper
– Artefaktens
juridiska
egenskaper
– Artefaktens
sociala
egenskaper
• Kanske
kan
summeras
a3
teknik
är
neutral
men
inget
omkring
den
är
det?
11. The
Big
Bang
Theory
s01e12
-‐
The
Jerusalem
Duality:
The
Problem
With
Teleporta>on
12. Law
Contextual
&
programmed
social
rules
Architecture
13. Arkitektur
• “In
real
space
we
recognize
how
laws
regulate
–
through
cons>tu>ons,
statutes,
and
other
legal
codes.
In
cyberspace,
we
must
understand
how
code
regulates
–
how
the
so_ware
and
hardware
that
make
cyberspace
what
it
is
regulate
cyberspace
as
it
is.”
Lessig
Code
p.
6
14. Digital
Domän
Cyberspace.
A
consensual
hallucina>on
experienced
daily
by
billions
of
legi>mate
operators,
in
every
na>on,...A
graphical
representa>on
of
data
abstracted
from
the
banks
of
every
computer
in
the
human
system.
Unthinkable
complexity.
Lines
of
light
ranged
in
the
non-‐
space
of
the
mind,
clusters
and
constella>ons
of
data.
Like
city
lights,
receding...
William
Gibson,
"Neuromancer",
1984
15. Digital
Domän
The
Web
is
an
abstract
(imaginary)
space
of
informa>on.
On
the
Net,
you
find
computers
-‐-‐
on
the
Web,
you
find
document,
sounds,
videos,....
informa>on.
On
the
Net,
the
connec>ons
are
cables
between
computers;
on
the
Web,
connec>ons
are
hypertext
links.
The
Web
exists
because
of
programs
which
communicate
between
computers
on
the
Net.
The
Web
could
not
be
without
the
Net.
(Berners-‐Lee,
1999)
16. Johnson
&
Post
• “Cyberspace
radically
undermines
the
rela>onship
between
legally
significant
(online)
phenomena
and
physical
loca>on.
The
rise
of
the
global
computer
network
is
destroying
the
link
between
geographical
loca>on
Law And Borders--The Rise of Law in Cyberspace, 1996
17. Barlowe
• Governments
of
the
Industrial
World,
you
weary
giants
of
flesh
and
steel,
I
come
from
Cyberspace,
the
new
home
of
Mind.
On
behalf
of
the
future,
I
ask
you
of
the
past
to
leave
us
alone.
You
are
not
welcome
among
us.
You
have
no
sovereignty
where
we
gather.
A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, 1996
18. Trying
to
legislate
to
control
technological
development
or
the
ways
people
use
technology
is
not
perhaps
ordering
the
>de
to
not
come
in,
but
it
is
certainly
like
trying
to
empty
a
bathtub
with
a
teaspoon.
28. Wheras
printers,
booksellers,
and
other
persons,
have
of
late
frequently
taken
the
liberty
of
prin>ng...
books,
and
other
wri>ngs,
without
the
consent
of
the
authors...
to
their
very
great
detriment,
and
too
oXen
to
the
ruin
of
them
and
their
families:
For
preven>ng
therefore
such
prac>ces
for
the
future,
and
for
the
encouragement
of
learned
men
to
compose
and
write
useful
books…
STATUTE
OF
ANNE
(1710)
31. Oscar
Wilde
nr
18
av
Napoleon
Sarony
en>rely
from
his
own
mental
concep>on,
to
which
he
gave
visible
form
useful,
new,
harmonious,
characteris>c,
and
graceful
picture.
Burrow-‐Giles
Lithographic
Co.
v.
Sarony,
111
U.S.
53
(1884).
36. Anything that is in the world when you re born is
normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of
the way the world works. Anything that s invented
between when you re fifteen and thirty-five is new
and exciting and revolutionary and you can
probably get a career in it. Anything invented after
you re thirty-five is against the natural order of
things.
37.
38. Originality/
BIRD
RED
SLICE
by
Koko
(1984)
Verkshöjd
39. Donald
Duck
av
Walt
Disney
Arne
Anka
av
Charlie
Christensen
idea/expression
dichotomy
47. My
Space
Digg
Twiher
Blogger
1999
iphone
Linkedin
YouTube
Wikileaks
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Ning
Farmville
Second
Life
Wikipedia
Spocfy
Skype
Facebook
Flickr
Google
c:a
1998
88. The
Right
to
Privacy
• That
the
individual
shall
have
full
protec>on
in
person
and
in
property
is
a
principle
as
old
as
the
common
law;
but
it
has
been
necessary
from
>me
to
>me
to
define
anew
the
exact
nature
and
extent
of
such
protec>on.
Warren
and
Brandeis
The
Right
to
Privacy,
4
Harvard
Law
Review
193
(1890)
93. No
one
shall
be
subjected
to
arbitrary
interference
with
his
privacy,
family,
home
or
correspondence,
nor
to
a3acks
upon
his
honour
and
reputa>on.
Everyone
has
the
right
to
the
protec>on
of
the
law
against
such
interference
or
a3acks.
(Art
12)
UNDHR
1. Everyone
has
the
right
to
respect
for
his
private
and
family
life,
his
home
and
his
correspondence.
Art
8
ECHR
94. Background
• Datalagen
(1973)
• Moores
Law
• Data
Protec>on
Direc>ve
(1995)
• Personuppgi_slagen
1998
96. All
slags
informa>on
som
direkt
eller
indirekt
kan
hänföras
>ll
en
fysisk
person
som
är
vid
livet
utgör
personuppgi_.
Inte
företag
Ingen
integritet
e_er
döden
PERSONUPPGIFT
98. Behandling
Personuppgi_er
får
behandlas
bara
för
särskilda,
u3ryckligt
angivna
ändamål.
Uppgi_er
som
man
har
samlat
in
för
e3
visst
ändamål
får
man
inte
senare
behandla
på
e3
sä3
som
inte
är
förenligt
med
ändamålet.
99. Känsliga
uppgi_er
• Förbud
gäller
behandling
av:
– Ras,
etniskt
ursprung,
poli>ska
åsikter,
religiös
eller
filosofisk
övertygelse,
hälsa,
sexualliv,
samt
medlemskap
i
fackförening
• Förbud
gäller
inte:
– U3rycklig
samtycke,
offentliggjorda
uppgi_er,
nödvändig
behandling,
inom
ideella
org.,
inom
hälso-‐
&
sjukvård
118. My
Space
Digg
Twiher
Blogger
1999
iphone
Linkedin
YouTube
Wikileaks
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Ning
Farmville
Second
Life
Wikipedia
Spocfy
Skype
Facebook
Flickr
Google
c:a
1998
122. Name
Accve
Date
Tencent
QQ
636
Nov
2010
Facebook
600
Jan
2011
Habbo
203
Feb
2011
Qzone
200
Feb
2011
Twi3er
190
Jan
2011
Vkontakte
135
Feb
2011
Orkut
120
Aug
2010
Bebo
117
July
2010
MySpace
100
May
2009
Badoo
100
Feb
2011
163. "Crap!
Robin
Hood
airport
is
closed.
You've
got
a
week
and
a
bit
to
get
your
shit
together
otherwise
I'm
blowing
the
airport
sky
high!"
PAUL
CHAMBERS
186. Informa>on
• All
images
from
www.flickr.com
(unless
specifically
stated)
• Image
&
licensing
info
in
the
notes
sec>on
of
slides
• Presenta>on
licensed:
Crea>ve
Commons
BY-‐NC-‐SA
• The
presenta>on
can
be
downloaded
from:
www.slideshare.net/klang
• More
informa>on
about
me:
www.techrisk.se
&
www.digital-‐rights.net