The passage discusses the objectives and levels of production planning and control. The main objectives are to ensure the production of goods that meet customer needs, maximize output while minimizing costs and processing time, maintain optimal inventory levels, and maximize profit. Production planning occurs at three levels - factory planning, process planning, and operation planning. Effective production planning leads to benefits like reduced costs, inventory, and delivery times while improving customer service and profits. Limitations include assumptions not being accurate and difficulties with changes in technology, tastes, and policies.

1. Planning & control UNIT 2

17. Part C Find A Job Do you know the following career words? Accountant Architect Agent Ambassador Announcer Attendant Butcher Carpenter Coach Conductor Correspondent Critic

18. Minister Operator Physician Politician Priest Senator Spokesman Statesman surgeon Editor Fireman Gardener Housewife Interpreter Maid Mechanic Miner

19. Do you know the organization of a company? Board of directors Chief director Manager Share-holders Manager assistant Production department Sales department Personnel department Public relations department

20. Pair work : 1.In what ways can you get informed of available job vacancies? Read newspapers Visit a careers office Contact friends, relatives Surf the internet

21. 2. What qualifications may give you advantages in your seek of a career? Good academic records Wide interests Certificates of CET Certificates of computer tests Prizes and rewards won at university

22. 3. How can you enhance your opportunities of success at job interview ? Dress yourself suitably Show confidence Exhibit competence Highlight your potential Demonstrate a pleasant personality

23. 4. What are the factors that contribute to job satisfaction ? How important is each factor for you? Number them in order of importance, starting with 1 = the most important. A high salary Good promotion prospects An pleasant, friendly working atmosphere A secure job A long holiday Individual freedom (self-employed) Lots of perks e.g. a company car, travel expenses

25. Find a Job In the past—companies—compete—recruit—at present—graduate—strong competition—career experts—highlight—stages—secure a career—recognize—academic qualification—abilities and skills—opportunities available—presentation—balance—succeed

26. Part A “New Century” Careers

29. 1.Features of the “New Century” careers 1) There is no ______ employment, instead, there are temporary, contract and consultant jobs. 2) ______ no longer guarantees a high- paying job. 3) ______ are in greater demand than generalists.

30. 4) Employment opportunities in the new, private, ______ sector are created. 5) ______ are the trend of the business.

34. III. Word Study Students will work in groups of three or four to write down the words they have learnt from the text according to the definition given below. The first group to finish the work is the winner.

35. To show, suggest, demonstrate Effect , influence To continue to do something, though it is difficult To promise that something will happen Feeling safe, confident, certain about a situation able to be found or got Continuously moving or changing Indicate Impact Persist Guarantee Secure Available Dynamic

36. Being the only one of its kind Continuing to exist all the time Intended to be used for only a limited period of time To succeed, achieve Not to notice, to ignore A general tendency in the way a situation is changing Of the mind Unique Permanent Temporary Accomplish Overlook Trend Mental

46. Writing Skills: Expression of consequences 1.Forty-hour-a-week jobs are being replaced by temporary, contract or consultant position---- so working as a temporary employee is now the best route to a full-time job. 2. Activities once done by departments within a company or are being accomplished using high-tech alternatives— creating lots of opportunities for business and services in specialty fields.

47. 3.Specialists are more in demand than generalists--- so good technical skills are increasingly valuable with or without a four-year college degree . 4. Traditional government social service agencies are becoming smaller--- resulting in important employment opportunities in the new, private, nonprofit social sector.

48. 5. Companies become lean and mean, combing tasks so that one person could now do the work of several. 6. The increased use of computers and machines, and the ability to produce goods more cheaply in foreign countries, led to layoffs of entire classes of workers who had previously worked in mass production. 7. The result was that tasks requiring low skill levels were rarely done in America.

49. Other ways to express consequences : Therefore, So, As a result, As a consequence, The demand has increased. Accordingly , the prices are higher Consequently, Because of this, Thus, Hence, For this reason,

50. causes An increase in demand often results in higher prices leads to produces

59. 2. In consideration of the features possessed by new century careers, what do you think you should do to prepare yourself for your future work?

60. Writing Write a composition entitled My Ideal Job . In your writing, you should answer the following three questions: 1.What is your ideal job? 2.Why do you like it? 3.How can you do it well in the future?