Apprenticeship of Observation is the period where, as a student, one learns about the teaching profession. This in addition to collegiate education, personal interpretation, experience, educational background, workplace conditions, and other factors affect teacher decisions, values, beliefs, and philosophies. 2. They start thinking about teaching as a profession (from good or bad experiences). However, physical education teachers generally do not serve as professional role models for the next generation of teachers. 3. How they judge the performance of a teacher remains the same. 4. It is based on their interpretations of their experiences.
Student learning: Motivation (the most important goal) Teaching skills Choosing a wide variety of activities (multi-activity) Using a variety of teaching styles Feedback Demonstrations and explanations mastered during teaching period Evaluation considered more important during apprenticeship (grading based on behaviors and school policy when student teaching) Class operations Observed more during teaching and is more technical than previously thought Implied that good teaching = good classroom management Teacher-student relationships Depend more on personal characteristics of teacher and students
“ A transitional period in teacher education between teacher preparation and continuing professional development, during which assistance may be provided and/or assessment may be applied to beginning teachers.”
Students trying to do other class work in PE Not being involved in school meetings Number of students No prep time
Teachers often have multiple roles: Parking lot attendant Lunchtime supervisor
Supervision limited to a few superficial visits per year Limited mentoring available
specialists in the same area, peer observations, relationships with cooperating teachers and the university, etc conferences, workshops, websites, etc.
2. They struggle to understand and exercise power within the school culture. 4. Members of high status have the greatest influence on the group.
Study used informal interviews of 3 teachers (less than 5 years experience) to describe the subjects’ view of their world. The data was compared and merged to find common themes.
2. Especially teaching experiences along with reflection and feedback.
When new practices fail, teachers see them a result of the “ivory tower” versus “real world.”
Pat became a full time teacher, outside of his subject matter, as a result of his ability to control students. The most dominant strategy to fit in was silence: “ I’ve been real quiet. I don’t want to cause a lot of friction. I’m trying to feel out the situation, and I don’t want to cause any bad vibes. I want to have a job.”
Self fulfilling prophecy is prevalent in physical education.
1. Impression cues from actual observation or past information sources such as academic records or other teachers .
Characteristics of students Static cues prevalent in physical education include gender, disabilities, and physical attractiveness.
Little research about how student interpretations of teacher treatments affect the effects of teacher expectations. This would help explain why expectancy affects students differently.
Low expectancy students tend to attribute teacher reprimand to internal causes.