The document discusses a study on urban food security across three cities - Addis Ababa, Johannesburg, and Windhoek. It finds that in Addis Ababa, 41% of respondents engage in urban agriculture, mostly in peripheral areas, and about a quarter raise livestock. In Johannesburg, there was no evidence of urban agriculture due to obstacles like water access and land tenure issues. In Windhoek, urban agriculture also did not provide a significant food source. The study also found that food access had worsened for informal migrants in Johannesburg and that households caring for orphans in Windhoek were vulnerable to hunger. Common coping strategies for food shortage included taking loans, doing extra work, and relying on friends and

1. Urban food security across the three cities: A study of fragility Scott Drimie, Girma Kassie & Jo Vearey University of the Witwatersrand Forced Migration Studies Programme Health and Migration Initiative

6. Change in food security status since moving to Addis Ababa food availability

7. Change in food access since moving to Johannesburg Migrants residing informally are significantly more likely to report that their food access has worsened Chi-square 32.170; p = <0.0001

10. Coping strategies in time of food shortage Addis Ababa Almost 40% of households had taken cash credit for buying food.

11. Food shortage – coping strategies Addis Ababa

12. Food shortage - coping strategies Johannesburg Strategies to cope with food shortage 0 50 100 150 200 250 rely on hh members rely on hh members and grant money do extra work borrow from relatives outside the hh borrow from friends and neighbours rely on boyfriend nobody to rely upon relative frequencies (%)