2. The human body has many mechanisms
within the immune system to protect itself
from external and internal pathogens.
However, when something goes wrong with
these mechanisms, the results can be
devastating to the cells, tissues, and organs
of the lymphatic and immune systems.
3. Nonspecific innate response to any pathogen
that reaches the connective tissue beneath
skin and mucosae.
Cytoplasmic extensions reach out to engulf
foreign matter. Used by macrophages, which
are the “large eaters”.
4. Phagocytes must correctly
identify and bind to the
pathogen’s membrane.
Pathogen is then pulled
inside and fuses with a
vesicle containing strong
acidic enzymes-lysosome.
The enzymes break it down
into harmless debris for
the body to sweep up.
5. If a pathogen resists
digestion by lysosyme,
helper T cells assist the
phagocyte by activating
stronger enzymes
The release of free
radicals like nitric oxide
and hydrogen peroxide
or protein-digesting
enzymes occur in the
respiratory burst.
6. Lymphatic system cancer
Abnormal cell growth that can spread to
other systems
Mutation happens in B cells called Reed-
Sternberg cells, they proliferate and group
together in the lymphatic system.
Impaired immune response in body results in
increased susceptibility to infection
8. Often associated with previous Epstein-Barr
virus infection-mononucleosis
Immunocompromised or immunosuppressed
patients
Family history of lymphoma, particularly in
siblings.
9. Swelling in principal lymph
node locations i.e. axillary,
inguinal and cervical
regions.
Similar to symptoms of flu:
lethargy or fatigue, fever
and chills, night sweats,
chest pain, coughing, loss Enlarged lymph nodes in
of appetite. cervical region.
Noticeable, unexplained
weight loss.
10. Stage 1: One cancerous node or organ.
Stage 2: Two cancerous nodes or small
affected region.
Stage 3: Nodes in regions above and below
diaphragm are cancerous, or tissue near
spleen is affected.
Stage 4: Several organs or tissues are
cancerous and had spread to bones, lungs,
and other parts of body.
NOTE: Stage 1&2 diagnosis has 80% remission rate for 5 years.
Stage 3&4 diagnosis has less than 60% remission rate
over same period of time.
11.
12. Physical examination, Blood tests, CT, MRI, X-
ray, biopsy of swollen node, and bone
marrow aspiration.
Treatment typically is a two-step process.
Chemotherapy is typically used first and then
radiation therapy.
Stem cell transplant can be used if the cancer
returns or resists initial treatment.
13. Inflammation resulting in abnormal tissue
clumps, granulomas, in body.
Often found in lymph nodes, lungs, liver,
eyes, and skin.
Unknown origin, but may be genetic,
environmental sensitivity, or hyper immune
response to an infection.
14.
15. Higher incidence in African American
population.
If blood relative has it, increases your chances
by five times.
Mostly begins between ages of 20 and 40.
16. Most cases have chest
symptoms such as chest
pain, dry cough, and
shortness of breath.
Eye lesions
Wide array of presentation
elsewhere. Overall fatigue,
fever, joint pain, rash,
headaches, vision loss,
burning in eyes, and nose
Rash, skin plaques
bleed.
17. Physical exam, chest x-ray or CT often finds
enlarged organs such as liver or spleen, and
enlarged lymph glands.
Biopsy of abnormal growth
18. Primary therapy is corticosteroid, but length
of treatment depends on severity of disease.
Immunosuppresants can be used to calm an
overactive immune system.
Most affected see improvement, but others
may develop tissue damage especially in
lungs and heart that can cause death.
19. Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research
http://www.stopsarcoidosis.org/sarcoidosis/diseasefact
s.htm?gclid=CMbJ_tmo1LICFY1DMgodK0QACQ
Mayo Clinic:
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hodgkins-
disease/DS00186
National Cancer Institute (National Institute of Health)
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/hodgkin
US National Library of Medicine:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001
140/
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hodgkindisease.h
tml