Etp prl

1. Erik
Erikson

2. According to Sigmund Freud, personality is mostly established by the age
of five. Early experiences play a large role in personality development and
continue to influence behavior later in life.
Freud's theory of psychosexual development is one of the best known, but
also one of the most controversial. Freud believed that personality
develops through a series of childhood stages during which the pleasure-
seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas.
This psychosexual energy, or libido, was described as the driving force
behind behavior.
1. Oral Stage
2. Anal Stage
3. Phallic Stage
4. Latency Stage
5. Genital Stage

4. If these psychosexual stages are completed successfully, the result is
a healthy personality. If certain issues are not resolved at the
appropriate stage, fixation can occur. A fixation is a persistent focus
on an earlier psychosexual stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the
individual will remain "stuck" in this stage. For example, a person
who is fixated at the oral stage may be over-dependent on others and
may seek oral stimulation through smoking, drinking, or eating.
Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-
known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund
Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of
stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory
describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan.

5. The Ego
• Body ego (experiences with our body, a way of seeing the
physical self as different for other people)
• Ego Ideal (the image we have of ourselves in comparison
with an established ideal; it is responsible for our being
satisfied or not satisfied not only with our physical self but
also with our entire personal identity)
• Ego Identity (the image we have of ourselves in the variety
of social roles we play)

7. Epigenetic Theory
Epigenetic theory is an emergent theory of
development that includes both the genetic
origins of behavior and the direct influence
that environmental forces have, over time, on
the expression of those genes. The theory
focuses on the dynamic interaction between
these two influences during development.

8. Epigenetic Principle
We develop through an unfolding of our
personality in predetermined stages, and that our
environment and surrounding culture influence
how we progress through these stages. This
biological unfolding in relation to our socio-
cultural settings is done in stages of psychosocial
development, where "progress through each stage
is in part determined by our success, or lack of
success, in all the previous stages.”

10. Trust
vs
Mistrust

11.  The first stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial
development occurs between birth and one year of age
and is the most fundamental stage in life.
 Because an infant is utterly dependent, the
development of trust is based on the dependability and
quality of the child's caregivers.
 Ifa child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel
safe and secure in the world. Caregivers who are
inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting
contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they
care for. Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a
belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable.

12. Initiative
vs
Guilt

13. During the preschool years, children
begin to assert their power and control
over the world through directing play
and other social interactions.
Children who are successful at this
stage feel capable and able to lead
others. Those who fail to acquire these
skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-
doubt, and lack of initiative.

14. Ego-identity
vs
Role Confusion

15. Duringadolescence, children explore their
independence and develop a sense of self.
Those who receive proper encouragement and
reinforcement through personal exploration will
emerge from this stage with a strong sense of
self and a feeling of independence and control.
Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and
desires will feel insecure and confused about
themselves and the future.

16. Generativity
vs
Stagnation

17. During adulthood, we continue to build our
lives, focusing on our career and family.
Those who are successful during this phase
will feel that they are contributing to the
world by being active in their home and
community. Those who fail to attain this skill
will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the
world.