Japan IT Week 2024 Brochure by 47Billion (English)
Building automation & controls
1. Building Automation and
Controls: What’s New and
What Will the Future Bring?
Presented to the Illinois Chapter ASHRAE
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
By Gaylen Atkinson
President
Atkinson Electronics
2. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
BUILDING AUTOMATION &
CONTROLS,
WHAT’S NEW & WHAT WILL THE
FUTURE BRING?
PRESENTER: GAYLEN ATKINSON
PRESIDENT
ATKINSON ELECTRONICS, INC.
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
March 2010
BUILDING AUTOMATION & CONTROLS,
WHAT’S NEW & WHAT WILL THE
FUTURE BRING?
1. Basic control definitions
2. Brief history of HVAC Controls &
Building Automation Systems
(BAS)
3. Current BAS issues and trends
4. What does the BAS future look
like?
BUILDING AUTOMATION & CONTROLS,
PURPOSES OF CONTROLS
Reduce equipment capacity to maintain
desired ambient conditions, temperature,
% RH, pressure, etc.
Reduce the amount of human labor needed.
Keep processes operating at safe levels.
Operate process to maintain environment
using the least amount of energy possible.
3. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
BUILDING AUTOMATION & CONTROLS,
BASIC CONTROL DRFINITIONS
Controlled variable = Y
Control Set point = X
Controlled medium = water or air
Controlled device = valve or damper motor
Proportional band = 1/gain
Control action may be direct or reverse
(positive or negative slope)
DDC = Direct Digital Control using micro
processors or computers.
TYPES OF CONTROL
Feed forward or open loop.
Feed back or closed loop.
Two position: (on – off).
Timed two position: ie heat anticipator T’s stat.
3-point floating: increase, decrease or stop,
also step & wait w/ micro processor.
Proportional (0 to 10VDC, 4-20mA and 3 to 15 PSI
P – Proportional only
PI – Proportional + Integral
PID – Proportional + Integral + Derivative
Control Systems During the 1950’s & 1960’s
1950’s:
• Reasonably Accurate Pneumatic Sensors &
Controllers
• Fairly Comfortable Environmental Conditions
1960’s:
• Improved System Design & Performance (VAV)
• Proliferation of Sensor/Receiver-Controller
Concept
• Pneumatic Control Systems Are Industry
“Norm.”
4. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
Control Systems During the 1970’s
1970’s:
• Micro-Chip Analog Electronic Control &
Computerized Energy Management
Systems
• Initial Computer Based Systems Were
Costly & Performed Minimal Control
Functions; Typically Only Monitored
Pneumatic Control Systems
Control Systems During the 1980’s
1980’s:
• Pneumatic systems continue
• Microprocessor based panels with high
density inputs & outputs
• Introduction of “Smart” Controllers
• Proliferation of Application-Specific DDC
Control Modules
• Higher System Capability Per $ Investment
Control Systems During the 1990’s
1990’s:
• Electronic systems replace pneumatics
• Open Protocols Introduced
•BACnet
•LON
• World Wide Web Becomes Popular
5. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
Control Systems 2000 & Beyond
2000’s:
• Internet Dominates BAS systems
• Wireless Technologies proliferate
• Smart Building Systems
• Full Building integration
• Future ????
CURRENT BAS ISSUES &
TRENDS:
Proprietary and open protocols.
PROTOCOL - PROPERTIES
Proprietary – individually controlled
Shared – Strategic alliances
Open – General use
Defacto Standard – Industry accepted
(e.g. Ethernet, Modbus, IP, etc.)
Standard – Agency/Association Approved
(e.g. Lontalk, Bacnet, Arcnet, etc.)
6. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
WHY OPEN PROTOCOL
THAT’S WHY !
LEVELS OF
INTEROPERABILITY
Coexistance
Systems don’t interfere nor they cooperate
Solution Specific
Requires Joint development & Engineering
Plug & Play
Effortless integration of various manufacturing
components
Interchangeability
Products are functionally identical
7. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
CURRENT BAS ISSUES &
TRENDS:
Proprietary and open protocols.
DDC control hardware is becoming a
commodity
A BAS is usually part of a building
information systems (I.S.) backbone
Integration to the internet is a given
INTERNET INTEGRATION
Proprietary
Front-End
Controls Contractor
BAS Salesman Building Engineer
Internet
Open System
Building Manager
Front-End Controller(s)
Application
Controller(s)
Owner
CURRENT BAS ISSUES &
TRENDS:
Proprietary and open protocols.
DDC control hardware is becoming a commodity
A BAS is usually part of a building information
systems (I.S.) backbone
Integration to the internet is a given
Control contractors are now system integrators
Software not hardware is the heart of today’s BAS
systems
8. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
CURRENT BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS
CONT’D:
New section 2300 replaces division 15 of
specifications
BAS have the capacity and are being used
for much more than just control
FULL BAS
Ethernet INTEGRATION UPS
Irrigation & Electrical
Alternate Energy
WiFi Wireless Water Management Controls
Rate Purchase
Network Security
Manager
Internet
Card Access
Network
Manager Lighting Controls
Ethernet AHU’s
Fire/Smoke Terminal Units
Control HVAC System Central Plant
LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION
9. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
CURRENT BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS
CONT’D:
New section 2300 replaces division 15 of
specifications
BAS have the capacity and are being used
for much more than just control
Wireless is expanding rapidly
WIRELESS BAS
INTEGRATIONS:
Point to Point (sensor to VAV box)
WIFI for using a laptop for commissioning
MESH wireless networks
Cellular modems on BAS equipment
Zigbee, RFID, etc.
CURRENT BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS
CONT’D:
New section 2300 replaces division 15 of
specifications
BAS have the capacity and are being used
for much more than just control
Wireless is expanding rapidly
Power and control communications on the
same wire is emerging
10. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
SAME-WIRE POWER &
CONTROL
Simple 120VAC light switching
Powerline data communication
24VAC power & network traffic for HVAC
actuators and sensors
Utility metering & add-on services
Home automation
CURRENT BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS CONT’D:
New section 2300 replaces division 15
BAS have the capacity and are being used for much
more than just control
Wireless is expanding rapidly
Power and control communications on the same wire
is emerging
Internet user expectations drive BAS features
Full control systems are coming with HVAC
mechanical equipment
BAS must integrate with user’s management computer
systems, there are many users, not just the building
engineers
INTERNET INTEGRATION
Proprietary
Front-End
Controls Contractor
BAS Salesman Building Engineer
Internet
Open System
Building Manager
Front-End Controller(s)
Application
Controller(s)
Owner
11. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS
CONT’D:
Knowledge of how to control HVAC and integrate
much more important than any vendor’s system
Web services such as weather, technical data base and
data processors are more common
Commissioning, monitoring and trending are common
uses of BAS, also data archiving
BAS are used in LEED projects for building monitoring
and performance verification
Smart building systems are driving innovative uses of
BAS into every area of a building
SMART BUILDING BAS
Knowledge based software for maintenance &
re-commissioning expert system
Self-tuning control systems are becoming more
common-besides trial & error PID tuning
Control device manufacturer libraries replace
O&M manuals
Fuzzy logic & other techniques optimize
building operations artificial intelligence
BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS CONT’D :
Knowledge of how to control HVAC and integrate
much more important than any vendor’s system
Web services such as weather, technical data base and
data processors are more common
Commissioning, monitoring and trending are common
uses of BAS, also data archiving
BAS systems are used in LEED projects for building
monitoring and performance verification
Smart building systems are driving innovative uses of
BAS into every area of a building
M2M networking driving every connected component
to being internet addressable
12. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
M2M
and
End User
Internet-addressable
Internet
TCP/IP
Network Network Network
Manager Manager Manger
Lon or
BACnet
HVAC Lighting Security Access Irrigation
WHAT BAS TRENDS WILL HAVE
STAYING POWER INTO THE FUTURE:
BAS are part of the building “IS” network, many new
players are entering the market
Wireless and power-line control will dominate,
reducing installation costs
Control hardware will be a smaller percentage of
mechanical budget, programming costs will grow
Internet direction will drive BAS and building controls
OLD CO-EXISTENT
BUILDINGS
Proprietary Proprietary Proprietary
HVAC Lighting System Security System
13. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
CURRENT TECHNOLOGY
End User
Internet
TCP/IP
BACnet Lon
Translator Translator
HVAC Lighting Security Access
FUTURE
TECHNOLOGY???
End User
Internet
TCP/IP
Everything is based on Internet Protocol
HVAC Lighting Security Access
WHAT BAS TRENDS WILL HAVE
STAYING POWER INTO THE FUTURE:
BAS is part of the building “IS” system, many other players are
entering the market
Wireless and power-line control will dominate, reducing
installation costs
Control hardware will be a smaller percentage of mechanical
budget, programming costs will grow
Internet direction will drive BAS and building controls
BAS will increasingly become more utilized to manage energy
and resources in a building
Retro-commissioning both BAS and mechanical, will be driven
by increasing energy costs and change in building usage
Much more HVAC equipment will come complete with a
control system
Self commissioning and auto tuning systems will become the
norm
14. Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010
LINKS FOR MORE
INFORMATION
www.automatedbuildings.com
www.bacnet.org
www.lonmark.org
www.betterbricks.com
www.caba.org
www.ashrae.org
www.echelon.com
www.tridium.com
www.atkinsonelectronics.com
www.johnsoncontrols.com
www.honeywell.com
www.invensys.com
www.sbt.siemens.com
www.delta controls.com
www.automatedlogic.com
www.tac.com