Neurotransmitters are chemicals that communicate information throughout the brain and body. Neurotransmitter synthesis is a complex process requiring the action of enzymes that are in turn dependent on the presence of specific vitamins and mineral co-factors. NeurobalanceTM is a blend of magnesium, zinc and vitamin B6, micronutrients essential to the production of serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This webinar will provides information relating to the therapeutic use of NeurobalanceTM and covers the following: - A brief introduction to the Neurotransmission process - The health implications of poor neurotransmission - Therapeutic application of Neurobalance - Mechanisms of action for Neurobalance - Dosing guides for key health conditions and incorporation into protocols

1. Nutritional co-therapeutics
NeurobalanceTM

2. Neurobalance
Zinc, magnesium & vitamin B6
TM

3. Neurotransmission is the process by which
signalling molecules (neurotransmitters) are
released by a neuron (the presynaptic
neuron), and bind to and activate
the receptors of another neuron (the
postsynaptic neuron); it can be defined by the
following steps:
1. Synthesis of the neurotransmitter
2. Storage of the neurotransmitter (in storage granules or vesicles in the axon terminal)
3. Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft occurs as a result of calcium
influx into the axon terminal during an action potential
4. The neurotransmitter then binds to and activates a receptor in the postsynaptic
membrane
5. The neurotransmitter is either destroyed enzymatically, or taken back into the
terminal from which it came, where it can be reused, or degraded and removed

4. Phenylalanine
L-tryptophan
Tyrosine
Acetyl-CoA
Choline
Glutamine
5-hydroxy
tryptophan
Dopa
Glutamate
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
Noradrenaline
Melatonin
Adrenaline

6. Phenylalanine
L-tryptophan
Mg, Zn
Tyrosine
Acetyl-CoA
5-hydroxy
tryptophan
Choline
Glutamine
Mg, Zn
Dopa
Glutamate
Mg, Zn,
B6
Zn, B6
Zn, B6
Zn, B6
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
Noradrenaline
Melatonin
Adrenaline

7. Neurotransmitter receptors and transporter proteins
 Neurotransmitters are required to bind to receptors to exert its
function
 The physiological effect of the neurotransmitter is dependent not
only on the activity of the receptor, but also
‘transporters’, membrane-spanning proteins that pump
neurotransmitters out of the synapse back into the presynaptic
cell, and into vesicles for later storage and release
 The transporter protein, by recycling, regulates its concentration
in the synapse, and thus its effects on the receiving neurone

9. Zn, Mg and vitamin B6 for neurotransmission
 Zn, Mg and vitamin B6 play key roles in neurotransmitter
synthesis
 Zn and Mg play a role as neuromodulators by affecting
the function of neurotransmitter receptors and transporter
proteins

10. NeurobalanceTM
 Magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) & vitamin B6 are key nutrients required for
both neurotransmitter synthesis and function (via receptor and transporter
proteins)
 Deficiency in one or more of these nutrients can significantly impair
normal neurotransmitter production and function
 Vitamin B6 is required for transport or accumulation of Mg in cells and
tissue
 Mg is required for the proper functioning of alkaline phosphatase, the
enzyme that facilitates the absorption of vitamin B6
 Zinc is needed to convert the inactive form of vitamin B6, pyridoxine, to
the active form pyridoxal phosphate

11. Neurodevelopmental disorders
 Evidence suggests a breakdown in several neurotransmitter pathways in
neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly dopamine, serotonin and GABA
 Mg deficiency common in neurodevelopmental disorders
 Mg levels correlate highly with distractibility and excitability
 Mg levels associated with hyperactivity and sleep disturbances
 Poor conversion of B6 to the active form pyridoxal-5-phosphate
 B6 and Mg deficiency may result in accumulation of the tryptophan metabolite
kynurenine, which is itself known to be associated with disturbances in
neurotransmission (Ames et al., 2002)

12. Author
Intervention
Mousain-Bosc
et al, 2006
Mousain-Bosc
et al, 2004
Duration
n=
Assessment
Findings
magnesium8-weeks
vitamin B6 (MgB6) regimen (6
mg/kg/d Mg,
0.6 mg/kg/d
vit-B6)
40 trial
36 control
(age 6-14)
DSM-IV
Significant
reduction in
hyperactivity and
aggressiveness.
Improvements in
attention.
Mg(2+)/vitamin 12-weeks
B6 intake (100
mg/day)
579 boys
231 girls
(age 5-12)
SNAP-IV
and SDQ
StarobratMg
6-months
Hermelin et al, (200mg/day) or
1997
placebo
50 trial
25 control
(age 7-12)
DSM-IV
Connors
Rating Scale
Overall
improvements in
attentional,
behavioural and
emotional
problems.
Significant
reductions in
hyperactivity and
improved
freedom from
distractibility.

13.  Serum zinc levels have been found to be significantly lower in ADHD
children compared to controls
 Consumption of certain artificial food colour additives has also been
shown to lead to zinc deficiency
 Ingestion of 50mg tartrazine by 22 hyperactive males:
serum zinc levels decreased
urine levels increased
behavioural and emotional symptoms deteriorated
Ward et al. 1990 The Influence of the Chemical Additive Tartrazine on the Zinc Status of Hyperactive Children—a Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study Journal of
Nutritional and Environmental Medicine. 1:51-57

14. Author
Intervention
Duration
n=
Assessment
Findings
Arnold et al,
2011
13-40mg zinc
glycinate
52
(age 6-14)
DSM-IV
No superiority of zinc
when compared with
placebo; when zinc was
administered twice daily,
the optimal weightadjusted dose for
amphetamine [could be]
decreased by 37%
compared with placebo.
Huss et al,
2010
4 capsules
‘ESPRICO’
containing
Zinc 5mg
Phase 1
Zinc or placebo for 8
weeks
Phase 2
Zinc or placebo with damphetamine for 2
weeks
Phase 3
Zinc or placebo with damphetamine (adjusted)
for 3 weeks
12-weeks
579 boys
231 girls
(age 5-12)
SNAP-IV
and SDQ
Overall improvements in
attentional, behavioural
and emotional problems.
6-weeks
26 boys
18 girls
(age 5-11)
DSM-IV
328 boys
72 girls
(age=9.61±1.7)
DSM-IV
Akhondzadeh methylphenidate
et al, 2004
1 mg/kg/day +
zinc sulphate
( 55 mg/day)
methylphenidate
1 mg/kg/day +
placebo
(sucrose 55 mg)
Bilici et al,
150mg zinc
2004
sulphate
12-weeks
Improvements in both
groups, but improvements
were significantly greater
in the zinc group.
Overall improvements in
hyperactivity, impulsivity
and socialization scores
but not in attention.

15. Neurodegenerative disease
 Nerve damage can occur as a consequence of dysregulated inflammation
or as a result of scarring caused by protein aggregation (such as Lewy bodies,
alpha-Synuclein and beta-amyloid)
 Zinc has critical functions in the brain. Lack of zinc can cause neuronal
death
 Patients with Alzheimer's are often found to be zinc deficient when
compared with age-matched controls (Brewer et al., 2012)
 Mg deficiency has also been shown in patients with mild to moderate AD
(Barbaqallo et al., 2011)

16. Women’s health
 Reduced levels of several essential nutrients, including Mg, zinc and vitamin
B6, are common in:
- women using oral contraceptives
- women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
- postmenopausal women
 Given the role of Mg, zinc and vitamin B6 in regulating symptoms
associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMT) and menopausal symptoms
(including the risk of osteoporosis), restoring optimal levels via
supplementation may be advisable

17. NeurobalanceTM key features and benefits
Zinc methionine offers superior bioavailability,
antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties
compared to other forms of zinc.
Magnesium citrate is more soluble and bioavailable
than magnesium oxide found in many cheaper
supplements .
Magnesium is required for the proper functioning of
alkaline phosphatase, the enzyme that facilitates the
absorption of vitamin B6.
Pyridoxal-5-phosphate delivers the ‘body-ready’
form of vitamin B6.
Vitamin B6 is required for transport or accumulation
of magnesium in cells and tissue.
cell replication
neurotransmitter synthesis & function
immune function
essential fatty acid metabolism
energy production
nerve and muscle function
adrenal function
hormone function
neurotransmitter synthesis & function
essential fatty acid metabolism
calcium metabolism
vitamin B6 absorption
protein metabolism
essential fatty acid metabolism
energy production
magnesium absorption

18. NeurobalanceTM
Nutritional information
Serving size: 2 tablets
Amount per tablet
% RDA
Zinc methionine
14 mg
140 %
Magnesium citrate
of which magnesium
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxal-5-phosphate)
367mg
60 mg
10 mg
16 %
714%
Ingredients
Magnesium citrate; bulking agent: calcium carbonate; emulsifier: microcrystalline
cellulose; zinc methionine; vitamin B6 (pyridoxal-5-phosphate); thickener: hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose; anti-caking agents: stearic acid, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate.

19. NeurobalanceTM
Directions for use
Children aged 4-8 years should take 2 tablets daily.
Children aged 9-15 years should take 4 tablets daily.
Adults and children aged 16+ should take 6 tablets daily.
For optimal results take with food and split into 2 doses per day.
Do not exceed the daily dose unless advised by a healthcare practitioner.
Warnings and contraindications
Pregnant or lactating women should consult their doctor before taking any food supplement.
This product should not be used as a substitute for a balanced diet. Keep out of the reach of
children and away from sunlight. There are no known drug or nutrient interactions associated
with Neurobalance™.
Free from:
 Dairy
 Gluten
 Lactose
 Soya
 Yeast
 Artificial colourings & flavourings
 Not tested on animals
 Non-GMO

20. NeurobalanceTM
NeurobalanceTM is a blend of magnesium, zinc and vitamin B6,
formulated to aid in normal neurotransmitter production and
function. This scientifically formulated supplement offers synergistic
benefits to optimise the functioning of the nervous system. Utilising a
slow-release delivery system and the most bioavailable forms of each
ingredient, NeurobalanceTM ensures optimal blood plasma nutrient
levels are maintained throughout the day.
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Supports neurotransmitter metabolism
Supports neurological function
Supports hormone balance
Supports immune function
Supports DNA and protein synthesis
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Supports a healthy mood
Anti-anxiety benefits

21. ninab@igennus.com
www.igennus.com
drninabailey.co.uk
01223 421434
07527384229

23. Magnesium absorption
 Typical magnesium absorption:
40% of magnesium intake absorbed in the small intestine
5% absorbed in the large intestine
55% leaves the body as waste
 Forms of magnesium that dissolve well in liquid are more
completely absorbed in the gut than less soluble forms
 Mg citrate is considered to be highly bioavailable whereas certain
forms of magnesium supplements, such as magnesium oxide, may
have an absorbable magnesium potency as low as 4% (Lindberg et
al., 1990)

24. Mg citrate
Mg gluconate
Mg lactate
Decreasing
solubility
Mg carbonate
Mg oxalate
Mg hydroxide
Mg oxide