1. Coal Power Generation for the 21st Century:
This is Not Your Father's Coal Power Plant
Dr. Jeffrey N. Phillips
Sr. Program Manager
Bismarck Energy Conference
January 2012

2. Who is this guy?
• Jeff Phillips
– Senior Program Manager in Advanced Coal
Group
– Employed by EPRI since 2004
– Previously worked for Fern Engineering (gas
turbine consultants), Molten Metal Technology
(waste gasification), and Shell Oil Co.
– Participated in operation of Shell’s coal
gasification demo plant and in the start-up of
Buggenum IGCC
– PhD research at Stanford focused on computer
simulations of performance of IGCCs
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

3. Why Are You Here?
During this workshop, I would like to learn about the following:
1. ___________________________________________________
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2. ___________________________________________________
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3. ___________________________________________________
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© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

4. Presentation Outline
• Some Coal Power Plant Basics
• A Brief History of Coal Power
• 21st Century Coal Power Plants (two different kinds)
• CO2 Capture & Storage
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 4

5. Carbon
Ash (rock)
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Mercury
Water
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

6. What happens when coal burns?
• Carbon => CO2 (carbon dioxide)
• Ash => flyash
• Sulfur => SO2, SO3 (SOx)
• Nitrogen => N2 and NOx
• Hydrogen => H2O
• Mercury => Hg, HgCl2
• Water => water vapor (H2O)
• And you release a lot of heat!
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 6

7. Conventional Coal Plant
12 MW 39 % Efficiency
(HHV basis)
88 MW 2.5 MW own use
100 MW 39 MW
41.5 MW
46.5 MW
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 7

8. Efficiency History of US Rankine Cycle Power
Plants
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

9. Emissions History (& Projection) of US Coal
Power Plants (Dates represent year plant began operating)
90 3000
80
2500
70
60 2000
50 SO2
1500
40 NOx
CO2
30 1000
20
500
10
0 0
1921 1960 2008 2025
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 9

10. US Generation Capacity (Source: U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Form EIA-860 Annual Electric Generator Report )
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 10

11. 21st Century Power Plants
Advanced Ultra-supercritical Technology
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 11

12. Definition
Net Plant Net Plant Heat
Nomenclature Conditions
Efficiency Rate (HHV)
2400psig (16.5MPa)
Subcritical 35% 9751 Btu/kWh
1050ºF/1050ºF (565ºC/565ºC)
Supercritical >3600psig
38% 8981 Btu/kWh
(SC) 1050ºF/1075ºF (565ºC/585ºC)
>3600 psig (24.8MPa)
Ultrasupercritical
1100ºF/1150ºF (593ºC/621ºC) >42% 8126 Btu/kWh
(USC)
and above
“Advanced” 5000psig (34.5MPa)
UltraSupercritical 1250ºF (677ºC) >45% 7757 Btu/kWh
(A-USC) and above
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 12

13. Increasing Steam Temperature and Pressure Increases
Thermal Efficiency and Decreases Emissions
2 Percentage Point Efficiency Gain = 5% CO2 Reduction
Subcritical Plant Range
Supercritical
Plant Range
Commercial
Advanced Ultra-
Supercritical
Plant Range
1000 F 1400 F
Note: HHV Basis
“Least Regret” Strategy for CO2 Reduction?
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 13

14. Materials for A-USC Coal Power Plants – U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) and Ohio Funded Project
1500
1400 DOE Goal 750
• During 1st 60 years of the
1300
Eddystone 1 700 20th century, steam turbine
1200 650 temperatures rose from
Temperature, Degrees F
Temperature, Degrees C
1100 Philo 6 600
250 C to 650 C
1000 550
900
500 – Thermal efficiency rose
800
450 from 4% to 40% (HHV)
400
700
350
• Eddystone experienced
600 300 several materials issues
500 250
200
– Derated from 650 C to
400
1900 ’10 ’20 ’30 ’40 ’50 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 615 C
Year
Maximum Steam Turbine Inlet
• No improvements for 50
Temperature History years!
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 14

15. Acknowledgements: U.S. Department of Energy (US
DOE) / Ohio Coal Development Office (OCDO) A-USC
Steam Boiler and Turbine Consortia
Federal – State – National Laboratory
Non Profit – For Profit
Cost Sharing Consortium
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 15

16. Primary Technical Goals of US A-USC Materials
Programs
• Materials Technology Evaluation
• Focus on nickel-based alloys
• Development of fabrication and joining technology for
new alloys
• Unique Conditions for US Program Considerations
• Higher-temperatures than European Program (760 C
versus 700 C) means additional alloys are being
evaluated
• Corrosion resistance for US coals
• Data for ASME code acceptance of new materials
• Phase II Boiler work includes Oxycombustion
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 16

17. Materials Limit the Current Technology
o
Average Temperature for Rupture in 100,000 hours ( F)
1100 1200 1300 1400
500 70
Inconel 740 Nickel-Based
Alloys 50
300
Haynes 282
CCA617 Std. 617
Age Hardenable = A-USC 30
760 C (1400°F)
°
Stress (MPa)
Stress (ksi)
100
80
10
60
9-12Cr Creep-Strength 8
Steels = USC Solid Soln’ = A-USC
Enhanced FerriticC (1150°F) Advanced Austenitic Minimum
620 Steels ~700 C (1300°F)
40 (Gr. 91, 92, 122) Alloys (Super 304H, 6 Desired
347HFG, NF709, etc.) Haynes 230
Strength at
Application
550 600 650 700 750 800
Average Temperature for Rupture in 100,000 hours ( C)
o Temperature
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 17

18. US Dept of Energy – Ohio Coal Development
Office Advanced USC Project
Accomplishments over the past 10 years Fabrication Processes
General design studies show
favorable economics
Welding Technology Developments
Steam-Side
Oxidation
HP Turbine Concept
Fireside Corrosion (High Sulfur Coal
& In-Plant Testing)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 18

19. Successes: Air-cooled probes
Cleaned surface of an air-cooled probe exposed for 2 years in
a coal-fired boiler at A-USC temperatures
Inconel 740 shows lower wastage than a high chromium cladding
(50/50), a 23% Cr wrought alloy (HR6W), and weld overlays (WO)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 19

20. Successes: Welding Technology
Today: Repeatable 3” (75mm) thick Inconel 740
welds without cracking
Original Inconel 740 weld trials
(Liquation cracking in heat affected zone)
Consortium
Research
Consortium research has demonstrated revolutionary
progress in nickel-based alloy welding
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 20

21. Major Conclusions from the DOE/OCDO
Materials Project
• Boiler and steam turbine materials have been
identified for use in a760 C
1400°F A-USC power plant
– They can be welded, forged, bent, fabricated
and have excellent fire-side and steam side
corrosion resistance.
– Welded rotors with no evidence of strain-age
cracking
– Investigating non-welded super-alloy rotors.
• The designs of boiler and steam turbine are similar
to those of modern SC power plants.
• Operation is similar to SC PC plants
– Maintenance is more exacting and staff training
is required.
• Most of work is done but some tasks still to be
completed
– All will be ready for a demonstration project to be
initiated in 2015/16 period.
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 21

22. Cost of Electricity and CO2 Avoid Costs for US-
based Coal Power Plants
70
Cost of Electricity ($/MWhr) or CO2
Avoided Cost ($/metric ton)
60
50
40 600degC $/MWhr
760degC $/MWhr
30 CO2 avoided cost
20
10
0
EPRI NETL
(NETL electricity costs are higher due to smaller plant size)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 22

23. A Low Cost Option for CO2 Emissions
Reductions from New Coal Plants?
• The EPRI and NETL studies calculated costs of $12-
$15/metric ton of avoided CO2 emissions from using 760 C
technology instead of 600 C designs
• This is far lower than the cost estimates of both
organizations for avoiding CO2 emissions with the use of
CO2 capture and geologic storage
– Those cost estimates range from circa $50 to $90/metric
ton
• The cost of building 760 C plants is expected to come
down over time as more experience is gained
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 23

24. For More Information
• Results from the DOE/OCDO A-USC materials project are
summarized in EPRI report 1022770 (available for free at
epri.com)
• EPRI’s economic analysis of A-USC power plants is
described in EPRI report 1015699 (also available at no cost
at www.epri.com)
• NETL’s economic analysis of A-USC power plants with and
without CCS is available at www.netl.doe.gov
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 24

25. State-of-the-Art Emissions Control
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 25

26. J-Power Isogo Coal Power Plant
Old New Unit New Unit #1 New Unit #2
Units #1 Permit Actual Permit
NOx, ppm 159 20 14 max, 9-10 13
typical
NOx, 0.03 0.02
lb/MMBtu
SOx, ppm 60 20 5 ppm max, 2-3 10
typical
SOx, 0.05 0.025
lb/MMBtu
PM, mg/Nm3 50 10 3 max, <1 typical 5
PM, 0.01 0.005
lb/MMBtu
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 26

27. Isogo Coal and Flyash Storage & Stack
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 27

28. Isogo Low Nox Burners
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 28

29. Isogo “ReAct” Process for SOx, NOx, and Hg
Control – Based on Activated Carbon
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 29

30. Isogo Sulfuric Acid Plant for
control of SOx emissions
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 30

31. 21st Century Power Plants
IGCCs
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 31

32. What is gasification?
• Similar to combustion (burning) but with less than half the
amount of oxygen needed to fully burn the coal
• Combustion: excess air
• Gasification: excess fuel (by a lot!!)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 32

33. Combustion & Gasification Products
(MAF = Moisture & Ash Free Basis)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 33

34. 1000ºC
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 34

35. 1000ºC
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 35

36. 1400ºC
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 36

37. © 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 37

38. Gas Turbine “simple cycle”
100 MW
65 MW
35 MW
35% Efficiency
(HHV basis)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 38

39. Combined Cycle
27 MW 100 MW
Fuel
38 MW
65 MW
17 MW 35 MW
17 + 35 = 52 MW
21 MW to 52% Efficiency!
condenser (HHV basis)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 39

40. 100MW Net Coal to Power:
28 + 20 – 9 = 39%
(HHV basis)
19MW
9MW
15MW 79MW
51MW
20MW 28MW
47MW
IGCC schematic from US DOE
27 MW
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 40

41. Existing Coal-based IGCCs
Nakoso (Japan)
Puertollano (Spain) Wabash (Indiana)
Polk (Florida) Buggenum (Netherlands)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 41

42. Other Solid Fuel IGCCs
• The first IGCC was built in Lunen, Germany in 1972
– 170 MW (no longer in service)
• EPRI helped fund the 125 MW Cool Water project in the
1980s – moved to Kansas in 1990s for pet coke-to-fertilizer
project
• Dow built a 165 MW demo unit in the 1980s
– Plaquemine, LA (no longer in service)
• Texaco built two small IGCCs at refineries in the 1990s
• The largest coal-based IGCC was built in the Czech
Republic in the 1990s - Vresova
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 42

43. Vresova IGCC: 26 Lurgi Gasifiers, 2 GE 9E gas
turbines = 398 MW net output
Photo copyright by Sokolovska uhelna,
used with permission
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 43

44. Under Construction
• Duke Energy is building a 618
MW IGCC in Indiana
(Edwardsport)
• A Chinese consortium is
building a 250 MW IGCC
(GreenGen project)
• Dongguan Tianming Electric
Power Co. is building a coal
gasifier in China that will supply
syngas to an existing 120 MW
combined cycle
• Korean Western started
construction last year on a 300
MW IGCC (2016 start-up)
• And one more (stay tuned)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 44

45. CO2 Capture & Storage
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 45

46. Latest CoalFleet Levelized Cost of Electricity
Estimates ($/MWhr) for New 600-700 MW Plants
Based on Powder River Basin Coal, Midwest US site and $10/ton cost for storing CO2
140
120
100
80
No CCS
60 CCS
40
20
0
Post-Combustion Oxy-Combustion Pre-Combustion
Results Would Be Different for Bituminous or Lignite Coals
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 46

47. The Challenges for Post-combustion CO2
Capture
• What to do with CO2?
– SO2: ~ 1,400 ppmv in flue gas Can’t use consumable sorbents for
CO2 capture (like those used for
– CO2: ~140,000 ppmv in flue gas SO2 Capture).
• Current option
– Scrub the flue gas with solutions which react with and can
then be stripped of the CO2
• Putting the CO2 in the ground (100-175 bar/1500-2500 psi)
• Even with state-of-the-art amine solvents the energy penalty
is large
750 MW plant without CCS nets 541 MW with CCS (28% loss)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 47

48. Largest CO2 Capture System Ever Built on a
Coal Power Plant
• 1150 STD CO2 from 100 MW Lubbock Power & Light unit
• Operational 1983-1984 for EOR Floods
• Dow Amine Technology
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 48

49. Major PC Post-Combustion Capture Projects in
Development Worldwide – September 2011
Country Project Location MW Technology Notes
US NRG Parish, Texas 60 Fluor MEA CCPI 3 EOR
Canada SaskPower Boundary Dam 100 Cansolv In construction
TransAlta Wabamun, Alberta 125 Chilled Ammonia EOR & Saline
Germany Vattenfall Janeschwalde 125 Chilled Ammonia On shore Saline
Netherlands E.ON et al. Maasvlakte 250 MW of new 1100 Amine. Offshore gas
MW field
Poland PGE Elektrownia Belchatow 250 MW of 858 MW Advanced Amine Saline reservoir
Romania Turceni 330 TBD Saline
UK Scottish Power Longannet 300 Aker North Sea
storage
Only 1 is under construction, will the others follow?
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 49

50. Minimum Energy versus State of the Art
• 7.5% versus 28%!
– There is clearly room for improvement!
20
18
16
% of Original MWe
14
12
10 Ideal
8 State-of-Art
6
4
2
0
Capture Compression
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 50

51. Capture Technologies Reviewed:
(EPRI Reports 1016995, 1017644, 1019812)
Adsorption (18)
Absorption (56)
CO2 N2 Binding site
CO2 CO2
NH2-R CO2
NH2-R Substrate
N2
NH2-R
Membrane (17)
CO2
N2
Other (17)
Cryo, Mineralization
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 51

52. Historic and Anticipated Improvement in Post-
Combustion Capture Energy Intensity
Generation by a coal-fired power plant
Dilute MEA Improved Amines Advanced Concepts
– Advanced amines
– Non-aqueous solvents
– Phase separating solvents
– Membranes
– Solid sorbents
Thermodynamic minimum energy for capture and compression
Need to Continue Progress to Bring Down Cost of Capture
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 52

53. Oxy-Combustion Overview
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 53

54. Major Coal OxyCombustion projects in
Development Worldwide – September 2011
Country Project Location MW Technology Notes
US FutureGen 2 Meredosia, IL 200 B&W, Air FG Alliance for
Liquide Storage. Est.
S/U 2016
Germany Vattenfall Janeschwalde 250 MWe Alstom, Linde S/U 2015
Spain Endesa Compostella 300 MWe Foster In FEED. Est
CFB Wheeler CFB S/U 2016
Australia CS Energy Callide 90 MWt IHI, Air S/U 2011
Liquide
Korea KOSEP- Yongdong Power 125 MW TBD S/U 2017
KEPCO station
Only 1 under construction. Will the others follow?
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 54

55. Meredosia Plant
• Meredosia, IL: Owned/operated by AER
• 5-coal fired units (4 not operating), 1-oil fired unit
• 4- steam turbines (2 not operating) Providing $1.1 Billion
• Unit 4, 200 MWe oil-fired built in 1975
Project Structure
• Capture – Ameren Energy Resources
(AER), teamed with B&W and Air Liquide
• Transport & Storage – FutureGen Alliance
• Repower Unit 4 steam turbine
• Purpose-built Oxy-PC boiler
• Illinois Coal, PRB blend possible
Project Timeline
• Project awarded Sept. 29, 2010
• FEED and NEPA complete June, 2012
• “Ready to test,” early 2016
Source: Babcock & Wilcox
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 55
55

56. Advanced-USC + Oxy-Combustion
• 760°C/1400°F Steam Cycle Benefits Oxy
– Higher Efficiency Means Less Coal and
Less Oxygen Required
– Less CO2 to Compress
– Hotter Temperatures in Fire Box → Less
Surface Area (below)
• Recent Successes
– ASME Boiler Code approval of
Inconel 740
– Extrusion of Large Diameter
Inconel 740 Pipe (above)
Air , Low O2 , High O2
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 56

57. IGCC with CO2 Capture
Process Flow Diagram
Steam
(Case Dependent)
Air Sulfur Sulfur
Recovery
Water Gas Unit
Shift
Air Tail Acid
Gas Gas
Separation
Unit
Oxygen H2S CO2
Gasification COS Syngas Cooling Acid Gas Acid Gas
Coal Island Hydrolysis & Hg Removal Removal Removal
Unit Unit
Slag
CO2
To Pipeline
CO2
Syngas Diluent (N2) Comp.
Syngas
Extraction Air
Conditioning
HRSG
Air
Gas Turbine Steam Turbine
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 57

58. Dakota Gasification Substitute Natural Gas
(SNG) Production Facility
Lignite
CO2 to
“Syngas” Enhanced Oil
CO2 Pipeline Recovery
~3 million tons CO2/yr
CO2 SNG to
Production & Methanation pipeline
Removal
H2-rich
syngas
Gasification & Heat
Recovery
Supplies natural gas power
Owned by Dakota plants (approx 1000 MW)
Gasification connected to NG pipeline grid
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 58

59. Major IGCC + CCS Projects in Development
Worldwide – September 2011
Country Project Location MW Gasification Gas Coal Notes
Net Technology turbine
US HECA California 250 GE Quench GE Western Bit In FEED.
SCS & Pet coke EOR. Urea
Southern Mississippi 524 KBR Air Siemens Lignite Under
blown construction
EOR
Summit Texas 200 Siemens Siemens PRB In FEED.
Power EOR. Urea
Future Pennsylvania 250 TPRI (China) TBD Anthracite Permits
Fuels obtained
UK Don Yorkshire 800 Shell GE EU NER 300
Valley candidate
Australia Wandoan Queensland 350 GE Radiant GE Queensland Pre FEED
Only 1 under construction. Will the others follow?
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 59

60. The First IGCC with CO2 Capture
• Mississippi Power Kemper County
received approval last
year to build a 582 MW
IGCC
• Will consume local lignite
and capture 65% of
coal’s carbon as CO2
• The CO2 will be sold for
use in enhanced oil
recovery
• Receiving US Dept of
Energy support
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 60

61. Ratcliffe (Kemper County, MS) IGCC
Construction Update

62. Ratcliffe (Kemper County, MS) IGCC
Construction Update

63. Two Additional IGCCs selected for Dept of
Energy Funding
Hydrogen Energy California Texas Clean Energy Project
• San Joaquin Valley • West Texas
• GE gasification • Siemens Gasification
• Petroleum Coke and • Powder River Basin Coal
Bituminous Coal • Products
• Products – Power
– Power – Ammonia/Urea
– CO2 for Enhanced Oil – CO2 for Enhanced Oil
Recovery Recovery
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 63

64. “It’s the Sink, Stupid!”
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 64

65. Phase III DOE Regional Partnership Update
• Target >1MtCO2/yr
• Includes Large-scale capture
and/or geologic storage
demonstration projects
• Injection natural and man-
made CO2 sources
• 10 year program
– 2 yr permitting
– 4 yr injection
– 4 yr monitoring/closure
• DOE Funding up to $66M
USD per project
FY2008 – 2017
US Department of Energy Seven Regional Partnerships
(NETL website, shows status as of 2010)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 65

66. Current Phase III Plans
Partnership Lead Industry Site CO2 CO2
Organizations Partner Source Rate
Big Sky Montana Various Toole County, Natural 250kt/yr
State U. MT CO2
MGSC IL Geo. Surv. ADM Decatur, IL Ethanol 250kt/yr
Schlumberger
MRCSP Battelle Mem. Core Energy, Otsego County, Nat. Gas 250 kt/yr
Institute DTE MI Processing
PCOR U. North 1. Spectra E. Fort Nelson, BC Nat. Gas 2 Mt/yr
Dakota 2. CoP. Bell Creek, MT Nat. Gas 1 Mt/yr
SECARB SSEB, EPRI, 1. Denbury Cranfield, MS Natural CO2 1.5 Mt/yr
TBEG 2. South. Co Plant Daniel, AL Elec.Power 150kt/yr
SWP NM Tech. & Farnham Natural CO2 +1Mt/yr
U. Utah Dome, UT
WESTCARB Berkeley Lab
Schlumberger
Partnerships experiencing siting issues shown in red (see background slides)
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 66

67. CCS Projects
Locations & Cost Share
CCPI
FutureGen 2.0
FutureGen 2.0
ICCS Area 1 Large-scale Testing of Oxy-Combustion w/ CO2
Capture and Sequestration in Saline Formation Archer Daniels Midland
Plant: $737M – Total; $590M – DOE CO2 capture from Ethanol plant
Trans. & Storage: $553M – Total; $459M– DOE CO2 stored in saline reservoir
Project: ~$1.3B – Total; ~$1.0B – DOE $208M - Total
$141M - DOE
HECA
Commercial Demo of Advanced
IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture
~$2.8B – Total
$408M – DOE
Air Products
CO2 capture from Steam Methane Reformers
EOR in eastern TX oilfields
Southern Company
Kemper County IGCC Project
$431M - Total
Summit TX Clean Energy IGCC-Transport Gasifier
$284M - DOE w/Carbon Capture
Commercial Demo of Advanced
IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture ~$2.67B – Total
~$1.7B – Total $270M – DOE
$450M – DOE
NRG
W.A. Parish Generating Station Leucadia Energy
Post Combustion CO2 Capture CO2 capture from Methanol plant
$339M – Total EOR in eastern TX oilfields
$167M – DOE $436M - Total
$261M - DOE
67

68. Important International Storage Projects
Project Country Injection Amount Reservoir Storage Type Operator/Partner
Cenovus, Apache,
Weyburn- Oil Field Carbonate
Canada 2.8 MMt CO2/yr Petroleum Technology
Midale Project Enhanced Oil Recovery
Research Center
Sleipner Norway (off-
1 MMt CO2/yr Saline Marine Sandstone StatoilHydro
Project shore)
Snøhvit CO2 Norway (off- 700,000 Mt
Saline Marine Sandstone StatoilHydro
Storage shore) CO2/yr
GeoForschungsZentrum,
CO2SINK Germany 60,000 Mt CO2 Saline Sandstone
Potsdam (GFZ)
In Salah Gas BP, Sonatrach,
Algeria 1 MMt CO2/yr Gas Field Sandstone
Field StatoilHydro
Gas Field and Saline
Otway Basin Australia 65,000 Mt CO2 CO2CRC
Sandstone
100,000 Mt
Ordos Basin China Ordos Basin Shenhua Coal
CO2/yr
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 68

69. For More Information
• EPRI Report 1023468
• Issued last month
• Free download for all
members
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 69

70. Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 70