The document discusses light sources and how light travels. The major natural light source is the sun. Light travels in straight lines and can be reflected, absorbed, or pass through objects. It is reflected off opaque objects, absorbed by some objects, and passes through transparent or translucent objects. The eyes see light that enters through the cornea and is focused on the retina, where light information is sent to the brain to be interpreted as vision. Shadows are formed when light is blocked by opaque objects. The position of the sun affects the length and location of shadows outside.

1. Light

2. Where does light come from?
Our major
light source:
the Sun

3. Where else does light come from?

4. Sorting light sources
Natural vs. Man-made (artificial)

5. Are these light sources?
moon
water
mirror
These items are not light sources, instead they
are reflecting light from other sources.

6. How does light travel?
Light rays travel in straight lines from the light source.
When it hits an opaque (ogenomskinlig) object, some light is
absorbed and the rest reflects off.
If the object is transparent (genomskinlig), light rays pass
through it easily.
If the object is translucent (genomskinlig), some light can
pass through, but the rest of the light will be reflected.
light
source

7. How do we see?
Light coming from, (or reflecting off)
objects enters the eye through the cornea
then the pupil.
It is focused clearly by the lens on to the
retina.
The light sensitive cells of the retina gather
information about patterns of light and dark,
colour and movement and send it through the
optic nerve.

8. How do we see?
Information entering the brain through the
optic nerve, is then transmitted through
more nerve pathways to the visual cortex.
Here the patterns of light and dark, colour
and movement are interpreted.
The brain, based on past experience, can
then understand what it ‘sees’.

9. How do we see colour?
light
source
 Light from most light
sources looks white, but
actually contains all the
colours of the spectrum;
also known as the
rainbow.
 If an object looks blue, it
is absorbing every colour
except blue, which is
reflecting off it and
entering your eyes.
 If an object looks orange,
it is absorbing every colour
except orange, which,
again, is reflecting off and
entering your eyes.
 If an object looks red...
(You get the idea!)

10. How does light reflect?
Angle of incidence (infallsvinkel)
Angle of reflection (reflektionsvinkel)
The ‘angle of
reflection’ is
always equal
to the ‘angel
of incidence’.

11. Light can only be reflected
in straight lines.

12. How does light form shadows?
Light rays travel in straight lines, radiating out from the
light source.
If rays are blocked by an opaque object a shadow forms
where the light cannot reach.
If the light source is moved closer to the object, more
light is blocked and a larger shadow is formed.
light
source
light
source

13. How does sunlight cause shadows?
6am
8am
9am
12am
2pm 10am
3pm
4pm
7pm
Looking North,
the Sun appears
to rise in the
East...
...and travel
across the sky
until it sets in the
West.
The position of the
Sun effects the
position and length of
the shadows created.
Thanks to this
natural phenomenon a
sundial is able to tell
us the time, as long
as it is a sunny day!

14. Now explain to your partner:
What is the
difference between
light from the Sun
and light from the
moon?
Why does the
Sun rise in
the East and
set in the
West?
Why does an
orange look a
different colour
to a banana?
How does a
periscope
work?
Why can’t we
see anything
without a
light source?

15. Now write answers to these
questions:
1. What are the three types of objects which when light can be shone upon.
2. Describe what happens to the light when it hits each of these objects. Use a
diagram to help to answer the question. (Use a ruler to draw the straight lines)
3. Draw and label a diagram of a ray of light from a light source and then
reflecting off an opaque object.

16. How does light reflect?
Angle of incidence (infallsvinkel)
Angle of reflection (reflektionsvinkel)
The ‘angle of
reflection’ is
always equal
to the ‘angel
of incidence’.