1. Investigations on the effect of Waste
fried oil methyl ester blends and load
on performance and smoke opacity of
diesel engine using response surface
methodology
*Authors*
Jagannath Hirkude
Deepa Vedartham
Atul S. Padalkar
Mechanical Engineering Department
Padre Conceicao of College of Engineering
Verna, Goa,India.
ICAER 2013 @ IIT Bombay on 11/12/13
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2. Overview of the presentation
 Objectives
 Introduction
 Waste Fried Oil Methyl Ester preparation
 Properties of WFOME
 Engine Set Up
 Response Surface Methodology
 Results
 Conclusions
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3. Objectives
 To investigate interactive effect of Load and blend on
performance of CI engine using WFOME
 Optimization of input parameters for best performance
and least smoke emissions.
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4. Introduction
 Enormous amount of waste fired oil generated from restaurants,
food processing industries and fast food shops everyday.
 The high viscosity and poor volatility of WFO is major limitation.
 The most convenient method to use waste fried oil as fuel in CI
engines is to convert it into biodiesel.
 RSM - Collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for
empirical model building.
 Objective of RSM- to optimize a responses (output variables),
influenced by several independent input variables.
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5. Preparation of WFOME
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6. Preparation of WFOME
Collection
from different hotel of Goa, India
Filtration
Removal of food residues and solid particles
Heating and drying
Moisture removal at 100oC for 10 min
Mixing
Potassium hydroxide with methanol oil + WCO at 60oC
Stirring
for 15 min at 600 rpm
Separation
Glycerin is allowed to settle for 24 hours and separated from biodiesel
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7. Properties Comparisons
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8. Engine Specifications
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9. Experimental Setup
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10. Response Surface Methodology
(RSM)
Identifying the important input variables (Load & blend).
Development of design matrix.
Recording the responses (BTE, BSFC, EGT, & OP)
Development of second-order quadratic model.
Checking the adequacy of the models developed.
Testing the significance of the regression coefficients.
Presenting the interactive effects of the input parameters on
the responses.
8. Determination of optimized input parameters for the multiple
responses.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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11. RSM Analysis
 Blends five levels – B0, B50, B70, B90 and B100.
 Load eight levels - from 0.5 kW to 4 kW in steps of 0.5 kW
each.
 Design matrix contains 40 experimental runs.
 Development of quadratic models.
 Significance and validation of models was analyzed Based on
the ANOVA.
 Optimization and Validation of model.
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12. Quadratic Model
BTE = 5.21 – 0.046 B + 14.6 L – 6.19× 10-3×B×L+3.17×
10-4×B2 – 2.2×L2
(1)
BSFC = 0.876 + 1.834×10-3×B – 0.418 L – 1.923×10-4×B
×L–4.782×10-6×B2+0.070×L2
(2)
EGT =103.89 + 0.09 B + 30.01 L – 7.63×10-3×B×L+1.71
×10-3×B2 + 3.91× L2
(3)
OP =13.9 + 0.049×B +22.2×L+5.01×10-3×B×L + 6.86× 1
0-4× B2 – 1.4×B2×L2
(4)
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13. Interactive Effect on BTE
Max. BTE = 29.97% @ B0 & 3.5 kW
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14. Interactive Effect on BSFC
Min. BSFC = 0.275 kg/kWh @ B0 & 3.5 kW
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15. Interactive Effect on EGT
Min. EGT = 189oC @ B 20 & 2.20 kW
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16. Interactive Effect on OP
Min. OP = 58 HSU @ B30 & 2.5 kW
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17. Optimization
 High desirability of 0.962 was obtained at the optimum input
parameters viz. 20% of WFOME blend (B20) and 2.38 kW of
brake load, where the values of the BTE, BSEC, EGT and
smoke opacity were found to be 27.40%, 0.28, 1960C and 58
HSU respectively.
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18. Validation of Results
Exp. Blend Load
No.
(%) (kW)
BTE
(%)
Predicted 26.84
BSFC
EGT
(kg/kWh) (0C)
OP
(HSU)
0.295
205
62
20
2.5
Actual
26.55
0.298
207
63
% Error
1
-1.09
1.00
0.96
1.58
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19. Conclusions
 The prospectuses of WFO as fuel are very attractive for
developing country like India.
 More than 6.5 million diesel engines being used in the Indian
agricultural sector for various activities.
 With increase in load increase in BTE, EGT and Smoke
opacity with decrease in BSFC was observed.
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20. Conclusions
 Reduction in WFOME blend from B100 to B20 could help to
increase BTE and reduce BSFC, EGT and smoke opacity.
 Desirability approach of the response surface methodology
was found to be simple and efficient optimization technique.
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21. Conclusions
 Optimal Input parameters – Blend of B20 and Brake Load of
2.38 kW for Maximum BTE and Minimum BSFC, EGT and
OP.
 Validation of result showed that developed models were quite
accurate and in good agreement.
 WFOME can be suitable alternative fuel for diesel at higher
load and lower blend.
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22. “THANK YOU”
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