A DBMS is a software package that controls the creation, organization, storage, retrieval, sharing, and security of data in a database. It allows for multi-user access and uses query languages to search, sort, and retrieve data. There are several data models including hierarchical, network, relational, multidimensional, and object models. A DBMS is used in many applications such as banking, airlines, universities, sales, manufacturing, and more. It provides advantages like representing complex relationships, controlling redundancy, and sharing data across applications but also has disadvantages such as complex design, high costs, and required training.

1. DBMS

2. Introduction
1. It is a software package with computer programs that
control the creation, maintenance, and the use of
a database.
2. Collection of interrelated data.
3. Set of programs to access data.

3. History
• In 1977, computer programmers Larry Ellison and Robert Miner
co-founded Oracle Systems Corp.
• In 1983, Oracle developed the first portable RDBMS, which
allowed firms to run their DBMS on various machines including
mainframes, workstations, and personal computers.
• Soon thereafter, the firm also launched a distributed DBMS,
based on SQL-Star software.

4. Components of DBMS
• Data definition subsystem
• Data manipulation subsystem
• Data administration subsystem
• DBA (Database Administrator)
• Database user
• Hardware

5. Features of DBMS
• Accept data input & store
• Multi-user access
• Security
• Query languages (searching, sorting)

6. Data Models
1. Data model: A way to design a dbase or describe a database
2. Data modeling: Process of creating a data model
3. Data Models
the hierarchical model
the network model
the relational model
the multidimensional model, and
the object model

7. E-R Model

8. Hierarchical Model
• Data or records are organized in a hierarchy manner.
• Used to present the hierarchy of an organization.

9. Network Model
• It is an extension of hierarchal model
• In this model, data elements of a database are
organized to have parent -child relationship

10. Relational Model
• A database in which relations between
information items are explicitly specified as
accessible attributes.
• Data are stored or organized in tables.

11. Multidimensional Model
• It is a variation of the relational model that
uses multidimensional structures to organize
data and express the relationships between
data.

12. Object Model
• It is a database management system in which
information is represented in the form
of objects as used in Object-Oriented
Programming.

13. Applications Of DBMS
• Banking: For customer information, accounts loans and
banking transactions.
• Airlines: For reservations and schedule information.
• Universities: For student information, course
registrations and grades.
• Credit card transactions: For purchases on credit cards
and generation of monthly statements.
• Telecommunications: For keeping records of calls
made, generating monthly bills,etc..

14. Contd..
• Finance: For storing information about holdings, sales
and purchase of financial instruments such as stocks and
bonds.
• Sales: For customer, product and purchase information.
• Manufacturing: For management of supply chain and for
tracking production of items in factories.
• Human Resources: For information about employees,
salaries, payroll taxes.
• Web based services: For taking web users feedback,
responses, resource sharing etc.

15. Advantages Of DBMS
• It represents complex relationships among different data
items.
• Keeps a tight control on data redundancy.
• Maintains data dictionary for the storage of information
pertaining to data fields and data manipulation.
• Ensures that data can be shared across all applications.
• Has an automatic intelligent backup and recovery procedure
of data.

16. Disadvantages Of DBMS
• Database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming
to design.
• Substantial hardware and software start-up costs.
• Damage to database affects virtually all applications programs.
• Extensive conversion costs in moving form a file-based system
to a database system.
• Initial training required for all programmers and users.