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North-South Economic Relations: The Main Issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Consequences of Poverty ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Garbage dump harvesting in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Gross National Income per Capita, Purchasing Power Parity Method, 1980-2006, in Dollars, in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2008 , online data.

Hobson’s Theory of Economic Imperialism Unequal Distribution of Income Capitalism Surplus production Overseas outlets imperialism war John Hobson

Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism Unequal Distribution of Income Capitalism Surplus capital Overseas outlets imperialism war Revolution - Vladimir I. Lenin

Declining Terms of Trade Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Raul Prebisch

Prices of Exports Prices of Imports ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Policies Recommended by Raul Prebisch ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Import Substitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1936 Toyota Model AA Sedan

Why Import Substitution Bogs Down ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],This is called the “deepening of import substitution”

Examples of Crises of Import Substitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],See chapters 4-7 of Episode 2 in The Commanding Heights documentary.

Export-Led Growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Per Capita Income in the Four Asian Tigers, 1975-2006 Sources: World Development Indicators 2008 ; and (for Taiwan only) Taiwan Economic Statistics 6 (May 2008). The data for Taiwan are GNP per capita; for the others GDP per capita at purchasing power parity.

Per Capita Income in China and India, 1980-2006 Source: World Development Indicators 2008.

The Millennium Development Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals /

Ending Extreme Poverty Videos ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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