2. Geog r aphy of
Ancient Rome
• At the base of Italy’s two mountain ranges(
The Alps and the Apennines) lie fertile regions,
such as the Latium plain.
• Italy’s fertile plains were well used by local farmers as
Well as colonists from ancient Greece
• The city of Rome was founded on seven hills. They
helped to protect it from attack. The nearby Latium plain
provided Fertile farmland

3. The Rise of the Roman
Republic
• After about 509 B.C. Rome’s citizens created a
republic in which citizens elected leaders to run
the government. Wealthy patrician citizens had
more power than plebeians citizens
• The republic of Rome was divided into 3 main branches
- The Senate, the citizen assembly, and the consuls.
• Defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars made Rome the
leading power in the Mediterranean region by 202 B.C.

4. The Roman Empire
 Julius Caesar became dictator of Rome in
45 B.C. He was killed by senators opposed
to his rule on the Ides of March in 44 B.C.
 Under Augustus, around 27 B.C., the
Roman empire began a 200-year period of
peace and active trade called the Pax
Romana.
 Roman religion shared many similarities
with that of ancient Greece. Romans also
worshiped Egyptian and Persian gods and
godesses

5. Daily Life in Pompeii
 Guard dogs were sometimes kept
chained to a door to warn thieves not
to enter
 Makeup kits included white
powdered chalk, red ocher (iron
dust), and ash. Perfume was another
popular item among the women of
Rome.
 Wealthy Roman women wore
different kinds of jewelry. Some also
had their ears pierced
 On August 24, in the year of 79 A.D.,
mount Vesuvius

6. Domes And Arches
 A dome is a curved roof that looks like
a bowl turned upside down.
 A dome can cover a huge space
without any supports.
 An arch is a curved structure used as
a building support

7. Beginnings of
Christianity
 The life and teachings of Jesus are
recorded in the new testament of the
Christian bible.
 The new testament says that the
followers of Jesus believed that he
was the Messiah.
 Two of Jesus’ followers, peter and
paul, helped to spread Christianity
throughout the roman world

8. The Decline of the
Roman Empire
 Invasions, tax collection problems,
and other factors weakened the
Roman empire in the A.D. 200s.
 Rome has left legacies of government,
language, and architecture.
 While the eastern empire continued
to live on, the western empire
collapsed in the 400s.