There are two major types of literature: oral and written. Oral literature includes ballads, myths, jokes, folktales, and fables while written literature includes drama, novels, poetry, and nonfiction works. Literature exists in many genres across different cultures and languages such as English, Greek, Latin, African, Indian, American, French, Irish, Spanish, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Persian, Sanskrit, Nepali, Russian, and Canadian works. Prose literature includes histories, journals, philosophies, fiction, fantasies, children's works, and scientific writings. Poetry genres include sonnets, ballads, lyrics, epics, allegories, odes, and elegies. Common fictional

1. Types of Literature
Literature falls into two majors types: written and oral literature
Oral literature includes ballads, myth, jokes, folktales and fables and a written
source has drama, novel, poetry and nonfictional literature.
The major types of literature across the world are English, Greek, Latin, Roman,
African, Indian, American, French, Irish, Spain, Chinese, Italian, Japanese,
Persian, Sanskrit, Nepali, Russian and Canadian literature
Kinds of Literature
Prose Literature
•History, journalism, philosophy, fiction and fantasy
writings, scientific writings, children's literature
authors and writers are included in Prose
Literature.
Myth
•The fairy tales with lots of adventure, magic and it
lacks scientific proof. Nursery rhymes, songs and
lullabies are forms of myths that strike the interest
of children.
Short story
•The small commercial fiction, true or imaginary, smaller than a
novel is known as short story.
•oral and short‐lived which have gossip, joke, fable, myth,
parable, hearsay and legend.

2. Drama
•The theatrical dialog performed on stage, it consists of 5 acts.
• Tragedy, comedy and melodrama are the sub types of drama.
•e.g William Shakespeare, an Elizabethan dramatist composed the plays
Hamlet, Romeo and Julie
Tragedy
• It is a story of the major character who faces bad luck.
•Tragedy, elements of horrors and struggle usually concludes with the death
of a person. e.g‐‐>The Illiad and The Odyssey by Homer
Comedy
•The lead character overcomes the conflicts and overall look of the comedy is
full of laughter and the issues are handled very lightly.
Melodrama
•Is a blend of two nouns ‐ 'melody' and 'drama'. It is a musical play most
popular by 1840. It has happy ending like comedy.
Tragicomedy
•The play that begins with serious mode but has a happy ending is
tragicomedy

3. Novel
Novel can be based on comic, crime, detective, adventurous, romantic or political
story divided into many parts.
The major kinds of novels are:
Allegory: The symbolic story revolves around two
meanings. What the writer says directly is totally
different from the conveyed meanings at the end.
Political and Historical allegory are two forms of
Allegory.
Comedy: Satire is very common form in comedy
novels and tries to focus on the facts of the society
and their desires.
Gothic: Gothic fiction is the combination of both
horror and romance. Melodrama and parody were
grouped in the Gothic literature in its early stages.
Feminist: These types of novels are written by
women writers around the world to describe the
place of women in a male dominated society. E.g
Virginia Woolf's "A Room of one's Own".
Epistolary: The collection of letters or mails is the
epistolary novels. Samuel Richardson's Pamela and
Henry Fielding's Joseph Andrew are the few
examples of Epistolary novels.

4. Ironic: Ironic novels are known for excessive use of narrative
technique. It is satire on the contemporary society about
cultural, social and political issues.
Realism: The realistic novels are based on the truths of
ordinary society and their problems. It focuses on the plot,
structure and the characters of the novel.
Psychological: It's the psychological prospective of mind with
a resolution.
Picaresque: It is opposite to romance novels as it involves
ideals, themes and principles that refuse the so‐called
prejudices of the society.
Narration: In narrative style, writer becomes the third person
who narrates whole story around the characters.
Romance: Love and relationship topics are handled
optimistically in the romantic novels. It originated in western
countries; basically the story revolves around love affairs of
main characters. Some popular sub categories of romantic
novels are paranormal, erotic, suspense, multicultural and
inspirational romance.

5. Satire: Satirical novels criticize the contemporary
society. The most famous novels are Jonathan Swift's
Gulliver's Travels (1726), Kingsley Amis's Lucky Jim
(1954), George Orwell's Animal Farm and Randell
Jarrell's Pictures from an Institution (1954).
Stream of Consciousness: James Joyce's stream of
consciousness is all about the thought coming up in the
minds of the readers.
Folk Tale
Folk Tales are traditional stories that have been creating interest since ancient
times. The children and old persons like religious story, magic and superstition as
well. Fable, tall tales, cumulative, trickster and proverbs are the sub categories of
folk tales. Mythology or legend is the ancient religious stories of origin and human
civilization such as story of Robin Hood.
Types of poetry
Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in the
tranquility. Greek poetry is found in free verse and we have rhymes in the Persian
poem.

6. Sonnet: Sonnet is the short poem of 14 lines grouped into
Shakespearean and Italian sonnets.
Ballad: The poems that are on the subject matter of love and
sung by the poet or group of singers as telling readers a story.
Lyric: It has Greek origin that gives a melody of imagery. It is
the direct appeal of a poet to the readers about any incident
or historical events. Lyrics are most of the times similar to ode
or sonnets in the form.
Epic and Mock epic: Epics are the narrative poems that convey
moral and culture of that period. The Odyssey and Iliad are
one of the largest philosophical epics written by Samuel
Butler. Rape of the Lock is the great mock epic focusing on the
minor incident of cutting of a curl.
Allegory: Allegory is the famous form of poetry and is loved by
the readers because of its two symbolic meanings. One is the
literal meaning and another is the deep meaning.
Ode: Ode is the formal and long poem serious in nature.
Elegy: This type of poem is the lamenting of the death of a
person or his near one. Elegy Written in Country Churchyard by
Thomas Gray is one of the famous poems marked as sad poems
of the ages.

7. Reference:
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-literature.html. Date: November 7, 2011.
Authors:
Stephanie González Bracho
Lorena López Ortega
Ma. Fernanda Onaindia González