The document discusses how the Americas changed during the long 19th century. It covers several topics: - The creation of governments in Canada, Latin America, and the United States following independence movements. - Westward expansion in the US and Latin America, which displaced indigenous peoples. - How societies adapted to the Little Ice Age by utilizing new food sources like potatoes. - Violence on the South American frontier between gauchos and in disputes over power. - Key events and documents that shaped the US, including the Louisiana Purchase, the Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation, and Abraham Lincoln's presidency and assassination.

1. By Emily Sandford How the Americas Changed: The Long 19th Century

2. Creation Of Governments Canada had it the easiest when creating a government. Its independence fell into place and the War of 1812 only united the French and British Canadians. Latin America struggled to create an organized government. Power was passed on from the Creole Elites then to the Caudillos . The government changed from a monarchy to a republic, then to Caudillo rules. The Americas in the 19th Century

3. Expansion The United States gained independence then began to expand, but the expansion clashed with the indigenous people. Like the United States, Latin America also encroached on the indigenous people. By the 1870s the indigenous people had been conquered and their land stolen for ranching and cattle. The Americas in the 19th Century

4. The Little Ice Age The Little Ice Age is themed with adaptation. The weather changed shocked the world but made people adapt in their use of resources and food. The Irish utilized the potato in order to survive the increasingly cold weather.

5. Honored Violence in the South South American frontiers were littered with violence and power struggles. From knife dueling and mindless human slaughter to gauchos expressing their rule with violence. The South American front was full of chaos. The Frontiers of America

6. The Louisiana Purchase Bought in 1803, the Louisiana Purchased encompassed most of the Midwest. Many did not think the land to be a beneficial purchase but it proved to contain ideal rivers for importing and exporting goods. The Frontiers of America

7. Population Devastation Up to 6500 Confederate soldiers were killed and wounded in the Battle of Antietam. This was a devastating blow to the Confederates and far surpasses the death toll of other famous battles. In the end over there were over 23,000 casualties during the Civil War. Crossroads of Freedom

8. Change Abraham Lincoln was elected before the Civil War. It was mainly fought over the abolishment of slavery. This time was full of change for the nation as a whole. Crossroads of Freedom

9. The Emancipation Proclamation Produced January 1, 1863 The document was created by President Abraham Lincoln. It freed millions of slaves Complete slavery abolishment did not come til 1865 when the 13th Amendment was adopted. Crossroads of Freedom

10. Abraham Lincoln 16th president of the United States Served from 1861 to 1865 when he was assassinated Brought about the abolition of slavery Changed Americas future forever Crossroads of Freedom