Data glasses do carry promising potential for hands-free interaction, but also raise various concerns amongst their potential users. In order to gain insights into the nature of those concerns, we investigate how potential usage scenarios are perceived by device users and their peers. We present results of a two-step approach: a focus group discussion with 7 participants, and a user study with 38 participants. In particular, we look into differences between the usage of data glasses and more established devices such as smart phones. We provide quantitative measures for scenario-related social acceptability and point out factors that can influence user attitudes. Based on our quantitative and qualitative results, we derive design implications that might support the development of head-worn devices and applications with an improved social acceptability. Please cite this work as follows: M. Koelle, M. Kranz, A. Möller: Don't look at me that way! - Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '15), Copenhagen, Denmark, 2015

1. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Don’t look at me that way!
Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle Matthias Kranz Andreas Möller
marion.koelle@uni-passau.de matthias.kranz@uni-passau.de andreas.moeller@metaio.com

2. CREEPY?

3. JUST AS
CREEPY?

4. STILL CREEPY?

5. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
WHY?
What factors influence
the user attitude towards data glasses
usage in social context?
This work provides a quantitatively measured foundation for a better
understanding of the development of user attitudes during technology adoption.

6. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Mobile device usage
in social context
Device usage in
professional
environments
User-centered aspects
of HMDs
Social implications of
video recordings
Overview of Related Work
Koelle et al.

7. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Outline & Procedure
1st Stage
Outlook
Analysis
Incentives
Which factors
influence the user
attitudes?
How can we
develop HMDs with
an improved social
acceptability?
2nd Stage
7 Participants,
aged 25-37
(x=32, σ=4)
3 male, 4 female
38 Participants,
aged 18-38
(x=23, σ=4)
20 male, 18 female

8. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
First Stage Evaluation | Focus Group
Participants were asked to note down and group situations where data glasses
are used or could be used.
Situations were assigned to 3 groups:
Inappropriate
Controversial
Appropriate
e.g.: “church/synagogue”, “court
rooms”
e.g.: “walking in urban areas”, “during
personal interactions”
e.g.: “cooking”, “relaxing at home”

9. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
From First to Second Stage | Hypotheses
There is a difference in social acceptance from a 1st person’s point of view and
from a 2nd person’s point of view.
“You are trying to forbid me my freedom of holding my mobile phone like
this. I don’t interfere with you at all. If you don’t like me sitting like this,
that’s your problem. Not mine.” (P1)
Knowledge about usage intentions affects the spectator’s social acceptance.
“[...] if you go around with google glasses. There should be a rule to
indicate weather the system is working.” (P2)

10. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Outline & Procedure
1st Stage
2nd Stage
Outlook
Analysis
Incentives
Which factors
influence the user
attitudes?
How can we
develop HMDs with
an improved social
acceptability?
7 Participants,
aged 25-37
(x=32, σ=4)
3 male, 4 female
38 Participants,
aged 18-38
(x=23, σ=4)
20 male, 18 female

11. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
From First to Second Stage | Scenarios
Controversial Scenarios:
• Personal conversations
• Business meetings
• In urban areas
• When children are
involved
• While driving
• Cultural events
• Gaming
• Working
environments
Focus Group

12. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Background | Evaluating Social Acceptability
User’s social acceptance:
internal effect of device usage on the user.
How comfortable or relaxed did she feel interacting with it?
How natural or awkward felt the task in the respective
environment?
Spectator’s social acceptance:
external effect of the user’s interactions with the device.
Does it appear ‘normal’ or does she stand out?
Internal View
External View

13. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Second Stage Evaluation | Methodology
First-Person Perspective Second-Person Perspective
Between-Subjects Design
Within-SubjectsDesign
A B
A B
A
A
B
B

14. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Outline & Procedure
1st Stage
2nd Stage
Outlook
Analysis
Incentives
Which factors
influence the user
attitudes?
How can we
develop HMDs with
an improved social
acceptability?
7 Participants,
aged 25-37
(x=32, σ=4)
3 male, 4 female
38 Participants,
aged 18-38
(x=23, σ=4)
20 male, 18 female

15. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
0 1 2 3 4 5-1-2-3-4-5
Analysis | Scenario-specific Social Acceptance |
Conversations and (Semi-) Public Spaces
tense
threatened
unsure
observed
sceptic
serene
safe
self-
confident
unobserved
outgoing
2nd person view,
unknown usage
intention
2nd person view
1st person view
2nd person view,
unknown usage
intention
2nd person view
1st person view
Data Glasses Smart Phone
Semantic differential based on a 11-point Likert scale. Pairs-of-adjectives based on Walter et al. (2013).

16. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
0 1 2 3 4 5-1-2-3-4-5
tense
threatened
unsure
observed
sceptic
serene
safe
self-
confident
unobserved
outgoing
Analysis | Scenario-specific Social Acceptance | Work
Environments
2nd person view,
unknown usage
intention
2nd person view
2nd person view,
unknown usage
intention
2nd person view
Data Glasses Smart Phone
Semantic differential based on a 11-point Likert scale. Pairs-of-adjectives based on Walter et al. (2013).

17. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Analysis | Findings
User-specific Factors
Device-specific Factors
x = -0.9
x = 2.7
16/22
8/22
Females are more
likely to express
negative feelings.
More established
devices are
perceived more
favorable.
Data Glasses
Smart Phones
Data Glasses
Smart Phones

18. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Analysis | Findings
Usage Intentions
Perspective
3/4
2/5
Knowledge about
performed actions
is relevant in non-
work environments.
Freedom of choice
vs. privacy
protection is
controversial.
work: no significant differences
Conversational Scenarios
(Semi-) Public
public: no significant differences
x = -0.51st p.
x = -1.92nd p.

19. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Outline & Procedure
1st Stage
2nd Stage
Outlook
Analysis
Incentives
Which factors
influence the user
attitudes?
How can we
develop HMDs with
an improved social
acceptability?
7 Participants,
aged 25-37
(x=32, σ=4)
3 male, 4 female
38 Participants,
aged 18-38
(x=23, σ=4)
20 male, 18 female

20. Be task focused
Design Incentives
Image Credits: Ben Grey, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ben_grey/5443600511/

21. Communicate
the intention of use
Design Incentives
Image Credits: Robert Scoble, https://www.flickr.com/photos/scobleizer/2284904309

22. Follow
a least capabilities principle
Design Incentives
Image Credits: Maurizio Pesce, https://www.flickr.com/photos/pestoverde/16131234667/

23. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Outline & Procedure
1st Stage
2nd Stage
Outlook
Analysis
Incentives
Which factors
influence the user
attitudes?
How can we
develop HMDs with
an improved social
acceptability?
7 Participants,
aged 25-37
(x=32, σ=4)
3 male, 4 female
38 Participants,
aged 18-38
(x=23, σ=4)
20 male, 18 female

24. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Outlook | Summary
Data glasses are perceived more negatively than other
mobile devices. However: Negative attitudes towards novel
devices can be related to the unfamiliarity of users and their
peers with the device: “Walkman Effect”.
There is a difference in self-perception and perception of
others regarding device usage.
Knowledge about the actions performed with a device are
particularly relevant to reduce objections.
Affordances
Are there appropriate and intuitive ways
to communicate usage intentions to
third parties?
Experience
Do users of data glasses perceive other
users different?
Time
Will the user attitude towards data
glasses change over time?

25. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Outlook | Discussion
Will the user attitude towards data glasses [or other future
devices] change over time?
Why do we need to answer this question?
» Up to now, many advances are technology-driven
» But: to go beyond a “wow”- effect, we need to take into
account human factors and societal issues.
» If we learn how user attitudes towards novel devices arise and
develop, we can anticipate technology adoption during an
initial user-centred design process.
This work provides a quantitatively measured foundation for a better
understanding of the development of user attitudes during technology adoption.

26. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage
Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau
17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15)
August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark
Thank You!