Don't look at me that way! - Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage

1. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Don’t look at me that way! Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle Matthias Kranz Andreas Möller marion.koelle@uni-passau.de matthias.kranz@uni-passau.de andreas.moeller@metaio.com

2. CREEPY?

3. JUST AS CREEPY?

4. STILL CREEPY?

5. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark WHY? What factors influence the user attitude towards data glasses usage in social context? This work provides a quantitatively measured foundation for a better understanding of the development of user attitudes during technology adoption.

6. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Mobile device usage in social context Device usage in professional environments User-centered aspects of HMDs Social implications of video recordings Overview of Related Work Koelle et al.

7. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Outline & Procedure 1st Stage Outlook Analysis Incentives Which factors influence the user attitudes? How can we develop HMDs with an improved social acceptability? 2nd Stage 7 Participants, aged 25-37 (x=32, σ=4) 3 male, 4 female 38 Participants, aged 18-38 (x=23, σ=4) 20 male, 18 female

8. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark First Stage Evaluation | Focus Group Participants were asked to note down and group situations where data glasses are used or could be used. Situations were assigned to 3 groups: Inappropriate Controversial Appropriate e.g.: “church/synagogue”, “court rooms” e.g.: “walking in urban areas”, “during personal interactions” e.g.: “cooking”, “relaxing at home”

9. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark From First to Second Stage | Hypotheses There is a difference in social acceptance from a 1st person’s point of view and from a 2nd person’s point of view. “You are trying to forbid me my freedom of holding my mobile phone like this. I don’t interfere with you at all. If you don’t like me sitting like this, that’s your problem. Not mine.” (P1) Knowledge about usage intentions affects the spectator’s social acceptance. “[...] if you go around with google glasses. There should be a rule to indicate weather the system is working.” (P2)

10. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Outline & Procedure 1st Stage 2nd Stage Outlook Analysis Incentives Which factors influence the user attitudes? How can we develop HMDs with an improved social acceptability? 7 Participants, aged 25-37 (x=32, σ=4) 3 male, 4 female 38 Participants, aged 18-38 (x=23, σ=4) 20 male, 18 female

11. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark From First to Second Stage | Scenarios Controversial Scenarios: • Personal conversations • Business meetings • In urban areas • When children are involved • While driving • Cultural events • Gaming • Working environments Focus Group

12. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Background | Evaluating Social Acceptability User’s social acceptance: internal effect of device usage on the user. How comfortable or relaxed did she feel interacting with it? How natural or awkward felt the task in the respective environment? Spectator’s social acceptance: external effect of the user’s interactions with the device. Does it appear ‘normal’ or does she stand out? Internal View External View

13. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Second Stage Evaluation | Methodology First-Person Perspective Second-Person Perspective Between-Subjects Design Within-SubjectsDesign A B A B A A B B

15. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark 0 1 2 3 4 5-1-2-3-4-5 Analysis | Scenario-specific Social Acceptance | Conversations and (Semi-) Public Spaces tense threatened unsure observed sceptic serene safe self- confident unobserved outgoing 2nd person view, unknown usage intention 2nd person view 1st person view 2nd person view, unknown usage intention 2nd person view 1st person view Data Glasses Smart Phone Semantic differential based on a 11-point Likert scale. Pairs-of-adjectives based on Walter et al. (2013).

16. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark 0 1 2 3 4 5-1-2-3-4-5 tense threatened unsure observed sceptic serene safe self- confident unobserved outgoing Analysis | Scenario-specific Social Acceptance | Work Environments 2nd person view, unknown usage intention 2nd person view 2nd person view, unknown usage intention 2nd person view Data Glasses Smart Phone Semantic differential based on a 11-point Likert scale. Pairs-of-adjectives based on Walter et al. (2013).

17. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Analysis | Findings User-specific Factors Device-specific Factors x = -0.9 x = 2.7 16/22 8/22 Females are more likely to express negative feelings. More established devices are perceived more favorable. Data Glasses Smart Phones Data Glasses Smart Phones

18. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Analysis | Findings Usage Intentions Perspective 3/4 2/5 Knowledge about performed actions is relevant in non- work environments. Freedom of choice vs. privacy protection is controversial. work: no significant differences Conversational Scenarios (Semi-) Public public: no significant differences x = -0.51st p. x = -1.92nd p.

20. Be task focused Design Incentives Image Credits: Ben Grey, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ben_grey/5443600511/

21. Communicate the intention of use Design Incentives Image Credits: Robert Scoble, https://www.flickr.com/photos/scobleizer/2284904309

22. Follow a least capabilities principle Design Incentives Image Credits: Maurizio Pesce, https://www.flickr.com/photos/pestoverde/16131234667/

24. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Outlook | Summary Data glasses are perceived more negatively than other mobile devices. However: Negative attitudes towards novel devices can be related to the unfamiliarity of users and their peers with the device: “Walkman Effect”. There is a difference in self-perception and perception of others regarding device usage. Knowledge about the actions performed with a device are particularly relevant to reduce objections. Affordances Are there appropriate and intuitive ways to communicate usage intentions to third parties? Experience Do users of data glasses perceive other users different? Time Will the user attitude towards data glasses change over time?

25. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Outlook | Discussion Will the user attitude towards data glasses [or other future devices] change over time? Why do we need to answer this question? » Up to now, many advances are technology-driven » But: to go beyond a “wow”- effect, we need to take into account human factors and societal issues. » If we learn how user attitudes towards novel devices arise and develop, we can anticipate technology adoption during an initial user-centred design process. This work provides a quantitatively measured foundation for a better understanding of the development of user attitudes during technology adoption.

26. Don’t look at me that way! – Understanding User Attitudes Towards Data Glasses Usage Marion Koelle et al., Lehrstuhl für Informatik mit Schwerpunkt Eingebettete Systeme, Universität Passau 17th Int. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI ‘15) August 26th, 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark Thank You!

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