Dutch Power Energy Storage workshop 10 mei 2011

1. Energy storage for energy consumers
Matchen van wensen en mogelijkheden
DutchPower symposium over Energieopslag
Frits Verheij, 10 mei 2011

2. Energy storage for energy consumers
1. The balancing act of energy storage
2. Applications of energy storage at various levels
3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility
4. Practical examples show value of energy storage
2

3. Focus in the energy market is changing …
Affordable
I II
3

4. … but how to keep the ‘triangle’ in balance?
With billions of energy consumers, having different needs …
… which might change during the energy transition phase?
4

5. The balancing act of energy storage
Increase of (varying) RES + DG Fuel shift due to electrical vehicles,
Ageing assets (grids + power plants) heat pumps, etc.
Demand
Supply
Coupling of electricity, heat (and Increase of luxury resulting in higher
cold), and transportation peak loads
Increasing dependency on delivery
Energy
management
Physical
Market
Storage facilities (electricity, heat,
gas) integrated at home/offices/… Increase of energy trading, e.g. on
More need for preventing grid the balancing market
overloading, voltage support, Uncertainty of dealing with energy
frequency control, PQ storage in a regulated market
5

6. Electricity networks of the future including
energy storage
6

7. The Electricity Warehouse™
7

8. Energy storage for energy consumers
1. The balancing act of energy storage
2. Applications of energy storage at various levels
3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility
4. Practical examples show value of energy storage
8

9. Energy storages at three levels in the
electric power system
Bulk Storage Community Scale
Above 50 MW, e.g. 25-100 kW devices sited on the low
Pumped Hydro & CAES side of the distribution substation
Generation
Utility Scale
250 kW to 2 MW modules with an
emphasis on renewables and
ancillary services 9

10. Electricity storage system ratings
10

11. Suitability of technologies for single
applications
Technology Pumped D-CAES A-CAES Hydro- NaS Flow Lithium-Ion Lead-Acid
Hydro gen
Maturity ++ + 0 -- + - + ++
Arbitrage
Balancing
Suitable Pooling Mechanisms needed
Black-start
e.g. via Smart Energy
Flexibility of thermal
power plants
Application
Islanding
T&D-Deferral
Industrial peak shaving
Residential storage
Economically Economically Cost Reduction Data Source:
Attractive Mid-Term Attractive Necessary BCG and EASE 11

12. Applications at community scale
Transportation
– Plug-in hybrid vehicles
– All electric vehicles
Consumer products
– Refrigerator / freezer
– Boilers
– Power tools
– Mobile phones
12

13. Energy storage at three levels – part 2
Large scale Medium scale Small scale
• Boiler
• Heat and cold storage • Soil heat exchange
Heat
• Mass of buildings
• Geothermal e-storage • Thermo-chemical storage
• Phase change material
•… •…
•…
Electricity
• Battery
• CAES • Battery
• Flywheel
• Pumped hydro • Flywheel
• Super capacitor
• … •…
•…
• Gas-field
Gas
• Gas tank storage • Gas tank storage
• Gas grid
•… •…
•…
13

14. Energy storage for energy consumers
1. The balancing act of energy storage
2. Applications of energy storage at various levels
3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility
4. Practical examples show value of energy storage
14

15. More flexibility is needed, some options
1. Fast controllable centralized power generation,
including curtailment of e.g. wind power
2. Increase interconnection capacity
3. Smart ‘local’ energy, i.e. integration of DG, demand
response, and active participation of end-users
4. Energy storage
15

16. Energy storage adds value to energy sector
Renewables: System operations:
Decoupling demand Frequency control
and supply Spinning reserve
Absorb unpredicted Trade & Power Generation: Balancing
fluctuations
Control / load following
Control and
Energy management
integration
Peak generation
Load levelling
T&D:
End use (industry) :
Asset management
UPS / Ride Through / Shut down
Voltage control
Peak shaving
Power quality
Optimization of energy purchase
Grid stability by load shifting
Reactive power
16

17. Some Remarks
Storage has the ability to provide more than one
service and can therefore (potentially) benefit from
more than one revenue stream
The main competitor for energy storage is not a gas
turbine or another storage system but the realization
of demand side management (DSM)
Markets & Regulations don’t lead but follow, so
timing is important
The early bird catches the worm!
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18. Which, where, when, what?
Questions that need to be answered:
Which type and size of storage is required?
Where on the network should storage be installed?
When should the storage system be charged /
discharged?
What are the costs and benefits?
Network
? Demand and DG
? Storage
?
18

19. There is no one answer
Storage systems can be applied for many different
purposes
The optimal location, type and size of storage
system to be used depends on many factors
The more functions the storage system needs to
fulfill, the more complex the decision making process
Modeling can support this process, demonstration
can show the practical value
19

20. Large-scale Energy Storage in NL
1. The balancing act of energy storage
2. Applications of energy storage at various levels
3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility
4. Practical examples show value of energy storage
20

21. Introduction of GROWDERS
Grid Reliability and Operability with Distributed Generation using Transportable Storage
EC funded under 6th Framework Programme
Goal: To demonstrate the technical and economical
possibilities of existing electricity storage technologies
– Realization of Transportable Flexible storage systems
– Realization of an Assessment tool for optimal distribution
network management
– Description of conceptual directions for EU regulatory
framework
21

22. GROWDERS – Test sites
Test Site A Test Site B Test Site C Test Site D
Location Chambery Zamudio Zutphen Mannheim
Country France Spain Netherlands Germany
Storage technology Li-ion battery Li-ion battery Flywheel Li-ion battery
+ Flywheel
Energy Rating 40 kWh 40kWh 0.9kWh 40 kWh +
0.9 kWh
Max. Power Rating 50kW 10kW 160kW 10kW, 50kW,
160kW
22

23. Electrical model in PowerFactory Roelofs
45.41 kW
12.09 kvar
0.97
Point of overload
MS rail 4 10.00
1.00
0.00
45.41
12.09
2.71
Koppeling
Trf 392
Link 402
-45.41 45.41 -45.41
-11.93 11.93 -11.93
67.82 67.82 67.82
Sectie Kast 1 0.40
Sectie Kast 2 0.40
LS RAIL 4 0.40
1.00 1.00 1.00
-150.20 -150.20 -150.20
11.15 15.09 12.97 6.19
2.86 4.23 3.11 1.73
16.63 22.64 19.27 9.29
Link 1
Line 226 (Paars)
Line 73 (Groen)
Line 3 (Blauw)
Line 39 (Roze)
Link 4
Link 403
-11.15 -15.08 -12.97 -6.19
10 x 5kWh batteries
-2.86 -4.22 -3.11 -1.73
16.63 22.64 19.27 9.29
GE HKL 0.40
1.00
-150.20
0.00 0.00 0.00
-0.00 -0.00 -0.00 Term81 Term142 Term177 Term276 Term174 Term191 Term158 Term336 Term257 Term216
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
-0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00
1.06 1.06 1.06 1.07 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.06
STOR_005
STOR_006
STOR_007
STOR_008
STOR_009
STOR_010
STOR_011
STOR_012
STOR_013
STOR_004
-0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73
STOR_001
STOR_002
STOR_003
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02
0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02
V V V V V V V V V V
VDC STOR_004 VDC STOR_005 VDC STOR_006 VDC STOR_007 VDC STOR_008 VDC STOR_009 VDC STOR_010 VDC STOR_011 VDC STOR_012 VDC STOR_013
2 x 180kWh batteries 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B3 B12
0.00 0.00 0.00 1 x 0.83kWh flywheel
B1 0.00
0.00
B2 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
V V V F1 GROWDERS flywheel
VDC STOR_001 VDC STOR_002 VDC STOR_003
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24. Test site Bronsbergen (Zutphen)
24

25. Results of test at Bronsbergen (Zutphen)
Positive
Flywheel system passed all tests
All initial problems – like communication problems – have
been solved
Flywheel and inverter did work well
Harmonic compensation worked perfectly
Reactive power supply was OK
Islanding mode worked perfect
Negative
Noisy system
Power losses of the system
25

26. PowerMatching City (part of INTEGRAL)
A living lab Smart Grid demonstration
Sponsors:
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27. Full Concept Smart Grid Solution
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28. Smart Appliances - Freezer
28

29. Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance
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30. Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance
30

31. Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance
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32. Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance
→ Surplus of Solar Power Results in low Price
32

33. Response of HHP systems (buffer levels)
33

34. Response of HHP systems(buffer levels)
Reponse of HHP systems (buffer levels)
34

35. Response of HHP systems (buffer levels)
→ With a surplus of Solar Power the Hybrid
Heat Pumps Switch on 35

36. Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels)
36

37. Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels)
37

38. Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels)
→ Buffers follow the Price Signal Correctly
38

39. Energy storage for energy consumers
Thank you for your attention
Frits Verheij
T +31 26 356 2445
frits.verheij@kema.com
www.kema.com