1. FUTURE TENSES

2. Simple Future
I will, I will…

3. ΚΑΤΑΦΑΣΗ ΕΡΩΤΗΣΗ ΑΡΝΗΣΗ
I will start Will I start? I will not /won’t start
You will start Will you start? You will not /won’t start
He will start Will he start? He will not /won’t start.
She will start Will she start? She will not /won’t start
It will start Will it start? It will not /won’t start.
We will start Will we start? We will not /won’t start
You will start Will you start? You will not /won’t start.
They will start Will they start? They will not /won’t start.

4. 1. "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A
voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else.
We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to
do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we
refuse to voluntarily do something.
Examples:
 I will send you the information when I get it.
 I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
 Will you help me move this heavy table?
 Will you make dinner?
 I will not do your homework for you.
 I won't do all the housework myself!
 A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
 A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
 A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.

5. 2. "Will" to Express a Promise
"Will" is usually used in promises.
Examples:
I PROMISE…
 I will call you when I arrive
 If I am elected President of the United
States, I will make sure everyone has access
to inexpensive health insurance.
 I will not tell him about the surprise party.
 I'll be careful. Don't worry!
 I won't tell anyone your secret.

6. 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan
"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the
idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It
does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:
 He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. (…at least he intends
to….)
 She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
 A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
 I'm going to be an actor when I grow up. (…that is, I want
to…)
 Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
 They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
 Who are you going to invite to the party?
 A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

7. 4. "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a
Prediction
Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general
prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what
might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the
subject usually has little control over the future. In the
following examples, there is no difference in meaning.
Examples:
 The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
 The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
 John Smith will be the next President.
 John Smith is going to be the next President.
 The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
 The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

8. ATTENTION: No Future in Time
Clauses
Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot
be used in clauses beginning with time
expressions such as: when, while, before,
after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless,
etc. Instead of Simple Future,
Simple Present is used.
Examples:
 When you will arrive tonight, we will go out
for dinner. Not Correct
 When you arrive tonight, we will go out for
dinner. Correct

9. Will / Be Going To
1.Why are you holding a piece of paper?
B: I ………………………..(write) a letter to my friends back home
in Texas.
2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!
B: I ……………………(get) you a cup of coffee. That will wake you
up.
3. A: I can't hear the television!
B: I ……………………….(turn) it up so you can hear it.
4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France.
We ……………………………..(visit) Paris, Nice and Grenoble.
5. Sarah ……………..(come) to the party. Oliver ………………………
(be) there as well.

10. 6. Ted: It is so hot in here!
Sarah: I ………………………………(turn) the air-conditioning on.
7. I think he …………………………….(be) the next President of the
United States.
8. After I graduate, I ……………………..(attend) medical school and
become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life.
9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel
room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people.
B: That man at the service counter ……………………………..(help)
you.
10. As soon as the weather clears up, we ……………………………………
(walk) down to the beach and go swimming.

11. Simple Present / Simple Future
1. Today after I …………………..(get) out of class, I ………………….(go)
to a movie with some friends.
2. When you ………………..(arrive) in Stockholm, call my friend
Gustav. He ……………………..(show) you around the city and help
you get situated.
3. A: Do you know what you want to do after you ………………….
(graduate) ?
B: After I ……………………(receive) my Master's from Georgetown
University, I ………………….(go) to graduate school at UCSD in San
Diego. I …………………..(plan) to complete a Ph.D. in cognitive
science.
4. If it ……………..(snow) this weekend, we …………………(go) skiing
near Lake Tahoe.
5. Your father ……………………….(plan) to pick you up after school
today at 3:00 o'clock. He …………………………..(meet) you across the
street near the ice cream shop. If something happens and he
cannot be there, I………………………. (pick) you up instead.

12. 6. If the people of the world ………………….(stop, not) cutting
down huge stretches of rain forest, we ………………………..
(experience) huge changes in the environment during the
twenty-first century.
7. If Vera ………………..(keep) drinking, she ……………..(lose,
eventually) her job.
8. I promise you that I…………………. (tell, not) your secret to
anybody. Even if somebody …………………….(ask) me about
what happened that day, I …………………….(reveal, not) the
truth to a single person.
9. She ………………………(make) some major changes in her
life. She ………………………(quit) her job and go back to
school. After she ……………………..(finish) studying, she
…………………….(get) a better-paying job and buy a house.
She is going to improve her life!
10. Tom ………………………(call) when he……………………. (arrive)
in Madrid. He ………………………….(stay) with you for two or
three days until his new apartment ……………………………..(be)
available.

13. Future Continuous
I ‘ll be waiting for you……

14. ΚΑΤΑΦΑΣΗ ΕΡΩΤΗΣΗ ΑΡΝΗΣΗ
I will be waiting Will I be waiting? I will not /won’t be waiting
You will be waiting Will you be waiting ? You will not /won’t be waiting
He will be waiting Will he be waiting? He will not /won’t be waiting
She will be waiting Will she be waiting ? She will not /won’t be waiting
It will be waiting Will it be waiting? It will not /won’t be waiting
We will be waiting Will we be waiting ? We will not /won’t be waiting
You will be waiting Will you be waiting ? You will not /won’t be
waiting
They will be waiting Will they be waiting? They will not /won’t be waiting

15. 1. Interrupted Action in the Future
Use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in
the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in
the future. Remember this can be a real interruption or
just an interruption in time.
Examples:
 I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
 I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
 He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not
see Jennifer when she arrives.
Notice in the examples above that the interruptions ( marked
in italics) are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future.
This is because the interruptions are in time clauses, and
you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

16. 2. Specific Time as an Interruption in
the Future
In USE 1, described above, the Future Continuous is
interrupted by a short action in the future. In
addition to using short actions as interruptions, you
can also use a specific time as an interruption.
Examples:
 Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating
dinner.
(I will be in the process of eating dinner…)
 At midnight tonight, we will still be driving
through the desert.
(We will be in the process of driving through the
desert…)

17. 3. Parallel Actions in the Future
When you use the Future Continuous with two actions
in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that
both actions will be happening at the same
time. The actions are parallel.
Examples:
 I am going to be studying and he is going to be
making dinner.
 Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing
their plans, and having a good time.
 While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching
television.
Notice "is reading" because of the time clause containing
"while."

18. REMEMBER: No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future tenses, the Future Continuous
cannot be used in clauses beginning with
time expressions such as: when, while,
before, after, by the time, as soon as,
if, unless, etc. Instead of Future
Continuous, Present Continuous is used.
Examples:
 While I am going to be finishing my
homework, she is going to make dinner.
Not Correct
 While I am finishing my homework,
she is going to make dinner. Correct

19. Simple Future / Future Continuous
1. Sandra: Where is Tim going to meet us?
Marcus: He …………………….(wait) for us when our train arrives. I am sure
he …………………....(stand) on the platform when we pull into the station.
Sandra: And then what?
Marcus: We …………..………(pick) Michele up at work and go out to dinner.
2.
Ted: When we get to the party, Jerry ……………………(watch) TV, Sam
……………………….(make) drinks, Beth ……………………….(dance) by herself, and
Thad ………………..……..(complain) about his day at work.
Robin: Maybe, this time they won't be doing the same things.
Ted: I am absolutely positive they ………………………..(do) the same things;
they always do the same things.
3.
Florence: Oh, look at that mountain of dirty dishes! Who ……………………
(wash) all of those?
Jack: I promise I …………………………..(do) them when I get home from
work.
Florence: Thanks.
Jack: When you get home this evening, that mountain will be gone and
nice stacks of sparkling clean dishes …………………………….(sit) in the
cabinets.

20. Simple Present / Simple Future /Present Continuous / Future
Continuous
1. Right now, I am watching TV. Tomorrow at this time, I …………………(watch)
TV as well.
3. I am going on a dream vacation to Tahiti. While you (do) paperwork
and…………….…………. (talk) to annoying customers on the phone, I …………………….
(lie) on a sunny, tropical beach. Are you jealous?
4. We (hide) when Tony …………………………(arrive) at his surprise party. As soon
as he opens the door, we…………………….. (jump) out and……………………………….
(scream) , "Surprise!"
5. We work out at the fitness center every day after work. If you
………………………….(come) over while we …………………………(work) out, we will not be
able to let you into the house. Just to be safe, we …………………………………. (leave)
a key under the welcome mat so you will not have to wait outside.
6. While you ………………………..(study) at home, Magda …………………………….(be) in
class.
7. When you ……………………….(get) off the plane, I …………………………………(wait)
for you.
8. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we ……………………………
(wake) up tomorrow morning, the sun (shine) .
10. If you …………………………(need) to contact me sometime next week, I
……………………………..(stay) at the Sheraton in San Francisco.

21. FUTURE PERFECT

22. ΚΑΤΑΦΑΣΗ ΕΡΩΤΗΣΗ ΑΡΝΗΣΗ
I will have started Will I have started? I will not/ won’t have started
You will have started Will you have started You won’t have started
He will has started Will he have started? He won’t have stared
She will has started. Will she have started? She won’t have started
It will has started Will it have started? It won’t have started
We will have started Will we have started? We won’t have started
You will have started Will you have started? You won’t have started
They will have started. Will they have started? They won’t have started

23. 1. Completed Action Before Something in the Future
The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur
before another action in the future OR that something will
happen before a specific time in the future.
Examples:
 By next November, I will have received my promotion.
 By the time he gets home, she will have cleaned the entire
house.
 I won’t have finished this test by 3 o'clock.
 Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before
she moves to Beijing?
 Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the
time he leaves this afternoon.
 By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.
 How many countries will you have visited by the time you turn
50?
 Notice in the examples above that the reference points
(marked in italics) are in Simple Present rather than Simple
Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses,
and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses

24. 2. Duration Before Something in the Future
We use the Future Perfect to show that
something will continue up until
another action in the future.
Examples:
 I will have been in London for six months
by the time I leave.
 By Monday, Susan is going to have had
my book for a week.

25. REMEMBER: No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot
be used in clauses beginning with time
expressions such as: when, while, before,
after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.
Instead of Future Perfect, Present Perfect is
used.
Examples:
 I am going to see a movie when I will have
finished my homework. Not Correct
 I am going to see a movie when I have
finished my homework. Correct

26. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

27. ΚΑΤΑΦΑΣΗ ΕΡΩΤΗΣΗ ΑΡΝΗΣΗ
I will have been fishing Will I have been fishing ? I won’t have been fishing
You will have been fishing Will you have been fishing? You won’t have been fishing
He will have been fishing Will he have been fishing? He won’t have been fishing
She will have been fishing Will she have been fishing? She won’t have been fishing
It will have been fishing Will it have been fishing? It won’t have been fishing
We will have been fishing Will we have been fishing? We won’t have been fishing
You will have been fishing Will you have been fishing? You won’t have been fishing
They will have been fishing Will theyhave been fishing? They won’t have been fishing

28. 1 Duration Before Something in the Future
We use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue up until a
particular event or time in the future. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since
Friday" are all durations which can be used with the Future Perfect Continuous.
Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous and the Past Perfect
Continuous; however, with Future Perfect Continuous, the duration stops at or before
a reference point in the future.
Examples:
 They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives.
 She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally
closes.
 James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time
he leaves for Asia.
 How long will you have been studying when you graduate?
 We are going to have been driving for over three days straight when we get to
Anchorage.
 A: When you finish your English course, will you have been living in New
Zealand for over a year?
B: No, I will not have been living here that long.
 Notice in the examples above that the reference points ( marked in italics) are in
Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because these future events are in
time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

29. 2 Cause of Something in the Future
Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another
action in the future is a good way to show cause
and effect.
Examples:
 Jason will be tired when he gets home because
he will have been jogging for over an hour.
 Claudia's English will be perfect when she returns
to Germany because she is going to have been
studying English in the United States for over
two years.

30. Future Continuous vs. Future Perfect Continuous
If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes,"
"for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers
choose to use the Future Continuous rather than the Future
Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the
meaning of the sentence. Future Continuous emphasizes
interrupted actions, whereas Future Perfect Continuous
emphasizes a duration of time before something in the
future. Study the examples below to understand the
difference.
Examples:
 He will be tired because he will be exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he will be tired because he
will be exercising at that exact moment in the future.
 He will be tired because he will have been exercising so
hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he will be tired because he
will have been exercising for a period of time. It is possible
that he will still be exercising at that moment OR that he
will just have finished.

31. REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Future Perfect
Continuous cannot be used in clauses
beginning with time expressions such as:
when, while, before, after, by the time, as
soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future
Perfect Continuous, Present Perfect
Continuous is used.
Examples:
 You won't get a promotion until you will
have been working here as long as Tim.
Not Correct
 You won't get a promotion until you have
been working here as long as Tim. Correct

32. Future Perfect / Future Perfect Continuous
1.By the time we get to Chicago this evening, we
………………………(drive) more than four hundred miles. We
are going to be exhausted.
2. When Sarah goes on vacation next month, she
………………………..(study) German for over two years. She
should be able to communicate fairly well while she is in
Austria.
3. I have not traveled much yet; however, I
……………………….(visit) the Grand Canyon and San Francisco
by the time I leave the United States.
4. By the time you finish studying the verb tense tutorial,
you ……………………(master) all twelve tenses including their
passive forms.
5. Drive faster! If you don't hurry up, she ……………………..
(have) the baby by the time we get to the hospital.

33. 6. I came to England six months ago. I started my economics
course three months ago. When I return to Australia, I
…………………..(study) for nine months and I ……………….(be)
in England for exactly one year.
7. Margie just called and said she would be here at 8
o'clock. By the time she gets here, we ……………..(wait) for
her for two hours.
8. Frank just changed jobs again. If he keeps this up, he
………………….(change) jobs at least four or five times by the
end of the year.
9. Come over to my house around 9 o'clock. By then, I
…………………..(complete) my history essay and we can go
see a movie.
10. In June, my grandmother and grandfather …………………..
(be) married for fifty years.