3. Etiology and classification 1. According to its basic causes: mechanical obstruction dynamic obstruction obstruction of vascular supply origin
4. 2. According to whether the vascular supply to intestinal wall is compromised, Simple and strangulation obstruction .
5. 3. According to obstruction level or site . high and low obstruction 4. According to the extent of obstruction Incomplete and complete obstruction, 5. According to mode of onset and progression of obstruction. Acute and chronic obstruction
23. Diagnosis must make clear the following questions: 1. Whether intestinal obstruction exists: Through symptoms and signs, the diagnosis can be made without difficulty. Abdominal Radiology is much helpful in diagnosis.
24. 2. Whether the obstruction is mechanical or dynamic : mechanical obstruction, typical symptoms and signs. paralytic obstruction, cramping abdominal pain is absent, distention is prominent
25. 3. Whether the obstruction is simple or strangulation obstruction: Indications for strangulation: a. Developing continuous violently rather than intermittent pain b. Crisis rapidly and presence of toxemia (elevated temperature and leukocyte count), shock and rapid pulse c. Obvious peritoneal irritation d. A palpable tender abdominal mass with asymmetric distention
26.
27. 4. Whether the obstruction is high or low: Vomiting, in proximal intestinal obstruction. Distention in low obstruction Abdominal radiography is helpful. 5. Whether the obstruction is complete or incomplete: frequency of vomiting, extent of distention, and radiography.
28. 6.Which causes leads to obstruction : According to the age, history, symptoms and signs, radiography. Postoperative adhesions, Postinflammatory origin Henias Congenital malformations Intestinal intussusception Obstruction of parasite origin Carcinomas and dry feces.
113. Whether the obstruction is mechanical or dynamic : the crampy abdominal pain and high-pitched bowel sounds
114. Whether the obstruction is simple or strangulation obstruction: Indications for strangulation: a. Developing continuous violently rather than intermittent pain b. Crisis rapidly and presence of toxemia (elevated temperature and leukocyte count), shock and rapid pulse c. Obvious peritoneal irritation d. A palpable tender abdominal mass with asymmetric distention
117. Postoperative adhesions, Postinflammatory origin Henias Congenital malformations Intestinal intussusception Obstruction of parasite origin Carcinomas and dry feces. Which causes leads to obstruction : His past medical history is remarkable in that he underwent an appendectomy for acute appendicitis eight months ago.
124. Diagnosis must make clear the following questions: 1. Whether intestinal obstruction exists 2. Whether the obstruction is mechanical or dynamic
125. 3. Whether the obstruction is simple or strangulation obstruction: Indications for strangulation: a. Developing continuous violently rather than intermittent pain b. Crisis rapidly and presence of toxemia (elevated temperature and leukocyte count), shock and rapid pulse c. Obvious peritoneal irritation d. A palpable tender abdominal mass with asymmetric distention
126.
127. 4. Whether the obstruction is high or low 5. Whether the obstruction is complete or incomplete 6. Which causes leads to obstruction